El uso transitivo y ditransitivo de dar en un corpus escrito contrastivo / The Transitive and Ditransitive Use of dar in a Constrastive Written Corpus
Abstract
Los verbos frecuentes se consideran problemáticos para los aprendientes de lenguas extranjeras porque han desarrollado en cada lengua muchas especificidades. No obstante, escasean los trabajos empíricos que arrojen algo de luz sobre este aspecto de la interlengua del español. Este artículo analiza el uso del verbo dar, uno de los más representativos del grupo de verbos frecuentes del español, en la lengua escrita de un grupo de aprendientes anglófonos. En particular, se centra en las construcciones sintácticas más distintivas de este verbo, como son las transitivas y las ditransitivas. Esta investigación muestra la manera en la que un enfoque lingüístico basado en un corpus informatizado aplicado a los estudios de interlengua del español contribuye a revelar las semejanzas y diferencias entre el español de un grupo de hablantes no nativos y un grupo equivalente de hablantes nativos. El corpus utilizado para este análisis es el Corpus escrito del español como lengua segunda (Lozano, 2009). Las diferencias y similitudes entre el español de los nativos y el español de los no nativos permite identificar las necesidades de estos referidas al verbo dar y determinar si estamos ante un verbo seguro (su uso no muestra desviaciones perceptibles) para el no nativo, o, por el contrario, constituye una fuente de problemas. Los resultados muestran que los aprendientes, incluso en un nivel avanzado, tienen dificultades con un verbo tan frecuente como dar. En las conclusiones, se subrayan algunas de las limitaciones de la investigación y se abren vías para futuros estudios que completarían el presente.
Abstract
High frequency verbs tend to be problematic for foreign language learners, since they have developed many language-specific differences. However, there is a lack of empirical studies which shed light on this aspect of learners’ Spanish interlanguage. This article explores Spanish learners’ use of the verb dar (to give), one of the most representative verbs in the high frequency verbs group. In particular, it focuses on the most distinctive syntactic constructions of this verb, such as transitive and ditransitive usage in essay writing. This research shows how a corpus-linguistic approach to studies on learners’ Spanish interlanguage reveals similarities and differences between the written Spanish of a group of non-native speakers and an equivalent group of native speakers. In turn, these similarities and differences allow us to identify learners' needs regarding their use of the verb “dar” in essay writing and to determine whether this is a safe verb (i.e. their use of it does not show noticeable deviations) for non-native speakers, or if it is a source of problems. The corpus used for this analysis is the “Corpus escrito del español como lengua segunda” (Lozano, 2009). The results show that learners, even at an advanced level, have difficulties with high frequency verbs such as “dar”. The conclusions highlight some of the limitations of this research and open up channels for future research that could complete the present study.
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Accepted 2016-12-20
Published 2016-12-29
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