Da invisibilidade ao empoderamento do género e empoderamento e integração dos migrantes? O impacto do trabalho doméstico e assistencial no migrante e trabalho de assistência às mulheres migrantes na Grécia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12795/10.12795/CP.2022.i31.v1.05Palavras-chave:
imigrantes;, trabalhadores migrantes, trabalhadores domésticos, integração social, GréciaResumo
O artigo centra-se no caso das trabalhadoras domésticas migrantes (domésticas, amas e cuidadoras) na Grécia e no impacto do trabalho doméstico na sua integração na Grécia. De acordo com os resultados de entrevistas aprofundadas, baseadas nas conclusões do projecto "Vozes das Mulheres Imigrantes" (VIW) (Erasmus+ 2020-1-ES01-KA203-082364), as mulheres migrantes são aprisionadas num quadro de condições de trabalho invisíveis e exploradoras e enfrentam discriminação no trabalho. Há múltiplos casos em que um empregador trata desumanamente os trabalhadores domésticos migrantes, gritando e gesticulando-lhes e exercendo também abusos físicos e verbais, bem como contratando-os com contratos falsos ou contratos de trabalho que o trabalhador nunca leu, sendo assim vulneráveis e susceptíveis a várias formas de exploração. A situação é ainda sobrecarregada pelo controlo exercido sobre o trabalhador, impedindo o seu acesso a outras ocupações, e assim prolongando a sua permanência no trabalho doméstico. Neste contexto de trabalho, a maioria das mulheres migrantes são indiferentes à colectividade e solidariedade e estão isoladas dos seus compatriotas e outros trabalhadores. A servidão deixa-as com oportunidades limitadas de empoderamento para uma mobilidade social ascendente. Em alguns casos, apenas o empoderamento económico das mulheres e a fuga ao trabalho doméstico levou a um aumento das capacidades das mulheres para se tornarem os principais agentes das suas próprias vidas e as salvaguardar da exploração e dos empregos informais e mal remunerados, para viverem em liberdade e independência.
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