Las competencias profesionales del maestro de primaria desde la perspectiva del tutor del centro de prácticas
Abstract
Una asignatura clave en la formación inicial de los maestros es el Prácticum, en el que los tutores de los centros de prácticas cumplen un papel esencial como nexo entre la universidad y la escuela. Desde este rol este estudio pretende conocer cuáles son las competencias profesionales del maestro de Educación Primaria desde la perspectiva de estos tutores y su percepción sobre el logro de las mismas en la formación que imparte este Grado. Con una muestra de 131 tutores, pertenecientes a centros educativos de diversa titularidad de la Comunidad de Madrid, se desarrolla un estudio descriptivo y transversal mediante cuestionario ad hoc, compuesto por cuarenta ítems y validado por expertos. Los hallazgos confirman la percepción favorable de los tutores respecto a la importancia de las competencias profesionales incluidas en la formación inicial de esta titulación, destacando, a su vez, las carencias formativas especialmente en la dimensión social y personal de su función profesional. Estos resultados, contrarios a las directrices supranacionales del maestro del siglo XXI y a las investigaciones que se están desarrollando, demandan una revisión del perfil del maestro acorde con la escuela del siglo XXI. Esta realidad apunta a que todavía existe una separación radical entre la formación inicial del maestro y las demandas de la sociedad. Analizar estas propuestas y redefinir los contenidos competenciales que deben estar presentes en el diseño del título del maestro de Primaria es una necesidad imperante por la que aboga este trabajo.
Abstract
Practicum is a crucial element in the initial education of teachers, where tutors play an essential role as a nexus between university and school. From that perspective, the current study intends to find out what the professional competences of Primary School teachers, from tutors’ perspective and their perception of the achievement of those competencies in initial training. The research has been conducted on a sample of 131 tutors, from a range of private and public schools in the Community of Madrid. It was a descriptive and transversal study, using an ad hoc questionnaire —consisting of 40 items and validated by experts. Findings reveal that tutors have a favorable perception regarding the importance of the teaching competencies included in the initial education of university students of this degree. At the same time, the results reveal educational deficiencies, especially in the social and personal dimensions of this job. Those results —which differ from the 21st century teacher’s supranational guidelines and from the research currently in progress— require a revision of teachers’ profile, more in line with 21st century school. This reality points to the idea that there is a gap between initial teacher formation and society’s demands. The analysis of these proposals and the redefinition of the content of competencies, which have to be present in the design of the degree of Primary School teachers, is a prevailing necessity advocated by this study.
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Accepted 2015-12-29
Published 2015-12-15
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