Modelos de redes territoriais e transformações socioecológicas no delta do Mekong, no Vietnã
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12795/astragalo.2025.i40.09Palavras-chave:
alterações territoriais, resiliência às mudanças climáticas, sistemas socioecológicos, modelos de rede, adaptação ao Delta do MekongResumo
O Delta do Mekong vietnamita (VMD), um dos maiores exportadores de arroz do mundo e um dos deltas mais vulneráveis, passou por alterações territoriais radicais para a agricultura. No entanto, as mudanças induzidas pelo homem, juntamente com as mudanças climáticas e o aumento do nível do mar - causando inundações, secas, salinização, subsidência e perda de biodiversidade - interromperam os processos naturais do Delta. Esta pesquisa examina como essas alterações exacerbam os impactos da mudança climática por meio da análise dos padrões de terra induzidos pelo homem. Usando o método Palimpsesto de Corboz, uma análise de mapeamento identificou três configurações territoriais dominantes: 1) Conectividade de Nó Estrela, 2) Compartimentação de Grade Agrária e 3) Difusão Híbrida. O modelo de rede em estrela se alinha à urbanização no estilo Desakota ao longo da infraestrutura hídrica. O modelo de rede em grade resulta de projetos hidráulicos de grande escala que fragmentam os ecossistemas aquáticos. O modelo de rede híbrida integra paisagens construídas e naturais, revelando o potencial de adaptação. Embora todos os modelos tenham interrompido involuntariamente os sistemas naturais, eles fornecem informações sobre estratégias de resiliência futuras. O estudo sugere a reformulação desses modelos dentro das estruturas do Sistema Social-Ecológico para promover a resiliência por meio da integração de meios de subsistência, infraestrutura e ecossistemas naturais. As descobertas visam mitigar os impactos antropogênicos e apoiar um Delta do Mekong mais adaptável.
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2024 QUALIS-CAPES: Anthropology / Archaeology A3; Architecture, Urban Planning And Design A3; Urban And Regional Planning / Demography A3



