El modelo de red híbrida exige un cambio de paradigma de los ecosistemas acuáticos en el delta vietnamita del Mekong
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12795/astragalo.2025.i40.09Palabras clave:
territorial alterations, climate change resilience, social-ecologicies, network models, Mekong Delta adaptationResumen
El delta vietnamita del Mekong (DMV), uno de los mayores exportadores de arroz del mundo y uno de los deltas más vulnerables, ha sufrido alteraciones territoriales radicales para la agricultura. Sin embargo, los cambios inducidos por el hombre, junto con el cambio climático y la subida del nivel del mar -que provocan inundaciones, sequías, salinización, hundimiento y pérdida de biodiversidad-, han alterado los procesos naturales del delta. Esta investigación examina cómo estas alteraciones agravan los efectos del cambio climático mediante el análisis de los patrones del suelo inducidos por el hombre. Utilizando el método del Palimpsesto de Corboz, un análisis cartográfico identificó tres configuraciones territoriales dominantes: 1) Conectividad del Nodo Estrella, 2) Compartimentación de la Red Agraria, y 3) Difusión Híbrida. El Modelo de Red en Estrella se alinea con la urbanización al estilo Desakota a lo largo de la infraestructura hídrica. El Modelo de Red Compartimentada es el resultado de proyectos hidráulicos a gran escala que fragmentan los ecosistemas acuáticos. El Modelo de Red Híbrida integra paisajes construidos y naturales, revelando el potencial de adaptación. Aunque todos los modelos han perturbado involuntariamente los sistemas naturales, proporcionan información sobre futuras estrategias de resiliencia. El estudio sugiere replantear estos modelos dentro de los marcos de los sistemas socioecológicos para fomentar la resiliencia mediante la integración de los medios de subsistencia, las infraestructuras y los ecosistemas naturales. Las conclusiones pretenden mitigar los impactos antropogénicos y apoyar un Delta del Mekong más adaptable.
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