Calidad de las escuelas bolivarianas de Venezuela
Abstract
Introducción. Venezuela ha vivido los últimos años una experiencia singular con la creación de las escuelas bolivarianas. Se refieren a centros de educación primaria con unas connotaciones metodológicas y didácticas específicas derivadas de los principios constitucionales del país. El objeto de este estudio es conocer y evaluar la calidad de estas escuelas que tienen ya más de 10 años de implantación en Venezuela. Material y métodos: se ha utilizado una metodología descriptivoexplicativa y expost-facto con instrumentos derivados del modelo EFQM europeo de calidad y con un cuestionario específico para aspectos concretos de estas escuelas, dividido en los mismos campos que el modelo europeo de calidad. Se procesaron y se analizaron los datos por medio de programas estadísticos y de análisis de contenido. Resultados: existencia de alta feminización del profesorado en las escuelas bolivarianas, carencias básicas nutricionales, niveles de aprendizaje mejorables, recursos escasos, inexistencia de liderazgo en las mismas, y ciertos niveles de populismo. En suma: niveles de calidad por debajo de lo esperado, sobre todo en liderazgo y procesos; la escuela bolivariana no funciona. Discusión: se realizan algunas propuestas para la mejora de la calidad de estas escuelas basadas en el profesorado y los recursos y se entiende la limitación muestral.
Abstract
Introduction: over the last few years Venezuela has lived a singular experience due to the creation of Bolivarian schools. They are primary education centers with certain methodological connotations and specific didactics derived from the country’s constitutional principles. The aim of this paper is to get to know and evaluate the quality of these schools which have already been implemented for more than 10 years in Venezuela. Materials and methods: a descriptive - explanatory methodology and expost-fact has been in use with instruments derived from the European EFQM quality model and with a specific questionnaire for concrete aspects of these schools, divided in the same fields that the European quality model. They were processed and the information was analyzed by means of statistical programs and a content analysis. Results: a high level of feminization in Bolivarian schoolteachers, nutritional deficiencies, improvable learning levels, scarce resources, lack of leadership and a certain level of populism. In short: quality levels lower than expected, especially in leadership and processes; Bolivarian schools do not work. Discussion: even though the sample is limited, they offer some proposals about the teachers and resources in order to improve school quality.
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