Sensaciones y recuerdos: de qué están hechas las imitaciones políticas de Polònia de TV3

Autores/as

  • Mario Álvarez Fuentes Universidad de La Frontera

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.12795/Ambitos.2022.i58.07

Palabras clave:

imitación, Cataluña, infoentretenimiento, comunicación política, sátira política

Resumen

Este artículo describe las principales características del proceso creativo de la imitación satírica de políticos y políticas. Los datos presentados se basan en 29 entrevistas en profundidad con miembros del equipo creativo del programa de televisión, Polònia, que desde 2006 se transmite semanalmente por la cadena pública catalana, TV3. Los artistas describen su trabajo de creación de personajes como una experiencia sensorial que es mediada por recuerdos de su memoria afectiva. Cuando se aproximan al político que deben imitar, actrices y actores buscan capturar las sensaciones físicas que esa observación ocasiona en sus cuerpos. Luego, conectan esas sensaciones con experiencias afectivas que se manifiestan en recuerdos familiares, estereotipos sociales, personajes de cultura popular, entre otros referentes. Un personaje de imitación política no es una copia del original, sino el ensamblaje de las sensaciones y recuerdos que estos políticos les inspiran a estos artistas. Esta forma de caracterizar el trabajo creativo de los imitadores resulta una novedad para la investigación en la comunicación política. Los estudios sobre humor político realizados en ese campo se han interesado principalmente en los efectos cognitivos que pueden causar en las audiencias, así como en analizar su contenido. El presente estudio, en cambio, da luces sobre las primeras etapas de su proceso creativo, lo hace dejando que sus realizadores lo narren en sus propias palabras y releva las dimensiones afectivas de la comunicación política.

Descargas

Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.

Métricas

Cargando métricas ...

Citas

Ahmed, S. (2004). The cultural politics of emotions. Duke University Press.

Ahmed, S. (2010). Happy Objects. En M. Gregg y G. Seigworth (Eds.), The Affect Theory Reader (pp. 29-51). Duke University Press.

Altheide, D. L. (1987). Media Logic and Social Interaction. Symbolic Interaction, 10(1), 129-138.

https://doi.org/10.1525/si.1987.10.1.129

Altheide, D. L. (2004). Media logic and political communication. Political Communication, 21(3), 293-296.

https://doi.org/10.1080/10584600490481307

Altheide, D. L. (2016). Media Logic. En G. Mazzoleni (Ed.), The International Encyclopedia of Political Communication (Vol. 2, pp. 1-6). Wiley.

https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118541555.wbiepc088

Altheide, D. L. y Snow, R. P. (1979). Media Logic. SAGE Publications.

Altheide, D. L. y Snow, R. P. (1992). Media logic and culture: Reply to Oakes. International Journal of Politics, Culture and Society, 5(3), 465-472.

https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01423902

Baek, Y. M. y Wojcieszak, M. E. (2009). Don’t expect too much! learning from late-night comedy and knowledge item difficulty. Communication Research, 36(6), 783-809.

https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650209346805

Bal, A. S., Pitt, L., Berthon, P. y DesAutels, P. (2009). Caricatures, cartoons, spoofs and satires: political brands as butts. Journal of Public Affairs, 9(4), 229-237.

https://doi.org/10.1002/pa.334

Barnhurst, K. G. (2011). The new «media affect» and the crisis of representation for political communication. International Journal of Press/Politics, 16(4), 573-593.

https://doi.org/10.1177/1940161211415666

Baumgartner, J. C. (2008). Editorial Cartoons 2.0: The Effects of Digital Political Satire on Presidential Candidate Evaluations. Presidential Studies Quarterly, 38(4), 735-758.

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-5705.2008.02675.x

Baumgartner, J. C. (2021). Is It Funny if No One is Watching? Public Response to Late-Night Political Satire. Comedy Studies, 12(1), 15-28.

https://doi.org/10.1080/2040610X.2020.1850101

Baumgartner, J. C. y Lockerbie, B. (2018). Maybe it Is More Than a Joke: Satire, Mobilization, and Political Participation. Social Science Quarterly, 99(3), 1060-1074.

https://doi.org/10.1111/ssqu.12501

Baym, G. (2005). The Daily Show: Discursive integration and the reinvention of political journalism. Political Communication, 22(3), 259-276.

https://doi.org/10.1080/10584600591006492

Baym, G. (2014). Stewart, O’Reilly, and The Rumble 2012: Alternative Political Debate in the Age of Hybridity. Popular Communication, 12(2), 75-88.

https://doi.org/10.1080/15405702.2014.893583

Baym, G. y Jones, J. P. (2012). News Parody in Global Perspective: Politics, Power, and Resistance. Popular Communication, 10(1-2), 2-13.

https://doi.org/10.1080/15405702.2012.638566

Berrocal-Gonzalo, S., Quevedo-Redondo, R. y García-Beaudoux, V. (2022). Política pop online: nuevas estrategias y liderazgos para nuevos públicos. Index Comunicación, 12(1), 13-19.

https://doi.org/10.33732/ixc/12/01Politi

Berrocal-Gonzalo, S., Redondo García, M., Martín Jiménez, V. y Campos Domínguez, E. (2014). La presencia del infoentretenimiento en los canales generalistas de la TDT española. Revista Latina de Comunicacion Social, 69(1), 85-103.

https://doi.org/10.4185/RLCS-2014-1002

Boland, T. (2012). Critical comedy: Satire, absurdity and Ireland’s economic crash. Irish Political Studies, 27(3), 440-456.

https://doi.org/10.1080/07907184.2012.693915

Boukes, M. (2019). Agenda-Setting With Satire: How Political Satire Increased TTIP’s Saliency on the Public, Media, and Political Agenda. Political Communication, 36(3), 426-451.

https://doi.org/10.1080/10584609.2018.1498816

Boukes, M., Boomgaarden, H. G., Moorman, M. y De Vreese, C. H. (2015). At Odds: Laughing and Thinking? The Appreciation, Processing, and Persuasiveness of Political Satire. Journal of Communication, 65(5), 721-744.

https://doi.org/10.1111/jcom.12173

Brants, K. (1998). Who’s Afraid of Infotainment? European Journal of Communication, 13(3), 315-335.

https://doi.org/10.1177/0267323198013003002

Brewer, P. R., Young, D. G. y Morreale, M. (2013). The impact of real news about «fake news»: Intertextual processes and political satire. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 25(3), 323-343.

https://doi.org/10.1093/ijpor/edt015

Browning, C. S. (2018). “Je suis en terrasse”: Political Violence, Civilizational Politics, and the Everyday Courage to Be. Political Psychology, 39(2), 243-261.

https://doi.org/10.1111/pops.12432

Bruno, G. (2014). Surface: matters of aesthetics, materiality, and media. University of Chicago Press. https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/S/bo17089730.html

Consell de l’Audiovisual de Catalunya. (2017). Informe sobre l’audiovisual a Catalunya 2016. CAC. https://www.cac.cat/sites/default/files/2018-04/Informe_sector_2016_esmenat_2.pdf

Consell de l’Audiovisual de Catalunya. (2018). Informe sobre l’audiovisual a Catalunya 2017. CAC. https://www.cac.cat/sites/default/files/2018-07/Ac.72-2018_ ANNEX Informe audiovisual 2017.pdf

Corner, J., Richardson, K. y Parry, K. (2013). Comedy, the civic subject, and generic mediation. Television and New Media, 14(1), 31-45.

https://doi.org/10.1177/1527476412453947

Degen, M. M. y Rose, G. (2012). The Sensory Experiencing of Urban Design: The Role of Walking and Perceptual Memory. Urban Studies, 49(15), 3271-3287.

https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098012440463

Delli Carpini, M. X. (2004). Mediating Democratic Engagement: The Impact of Communications on Citizens’ Involvement in Political and Civic Life. En L. L. Kaid (Ed.), Handbook of Political Communication Research (pp. 395-434). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

https://doi.org/10.4324/9781410610584

Delli Carpini, M. X, y Williams, B. A. (2001). Let Us Infotain You: Politics in the New Media Age. En W. L. Bennett y R. M. Entman (Eds.), Mediated Politics (pp. 160-181). Cambridge University Press.

Edmunds, L. (1987). Cleon, «Knights» and Aristophanes’ Politics. University Press of America.

Ferré-Pavia, C. y Gayà-Morlà, C. (2011). Infotainment and citizens’ political perceptions: Who’s afraid of ‘Polònia’? Catalan Journal of Communication y Cultural Studies, 3(1), 45-61.

https://doi.org/10.1386/cjcs.3.1.45_1

Ferré-Pavia, C., Sintes, M. y Gayà-Morlà, C. (2016). The perceived effects of televised political satire among viewers and the communication directors of political parties: A European case. European Journal of Cultural Studies, 19(4), 299-317.

https://doi.org/10.1177/1367549415592892

Flowers, A. A. y Young, C. L. (2010). Parodying Palin: How Tina Fey’s Visual and Verbal Impersonations Revived a Comedy Show and Impacted the 2008 Election. Journal of Visual Literacy, 29(1), 47-67.

https://doi.org/10.1080/23796529.2010.11674673

Gregg, M. y Seigworth, G. (2010). An inventory of shimmers. En M. Gregg y G. Seigworth (Eds.), The Affect Theory Reader (pp. 1-28). Duke University Press.

Hall, S. (1980). Encoding/decoding. En S. Hall, D. Hobson, y A. Lowe (Eds.), Culture, Media, Language: Working Papers in Cultural Studies, 1972-79 (pp. 128-138). Routledge Ltd; Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies University of Birmingham.

Henry, S. G. y Fetters, M. D. (2012). Video Elicitation Interviews: A Qualitative Research Method for Investigating Physician-Patient Interactions. The Annals of Family Medicine, 10(2), 118-125.

https://doi.org/10.1370/afm.1339

Holbert, R. L., Hmielowski, J., Jain, P., Lather, J. y Morey, A. (2011). Adding Nuance to the Study of Political Humor Effects: Experimental Research on Juvenalian Satire Versus Horatian Satire. American Behavioral Scientist, 55(3), 187-211.

https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764210392156

Jones, J. P. y Baym, G. (2010). A Dialogue on Satire News and the Crisis of Truth in Postmodern Political Television. Journal of Communication Inquiry, 34(3), 278-294.

https://doi.org/10.1177/0196859910373654

Jones, M. (2017). Satire, social media and revolutionary cultural production in the Bahrain uprising: From utopian fiction to political satire. Communication and the Public, 2(2), 136-153.

https://doi.org/10.1177/2057047317706372

Jorgensen, D. (1989). Participant Observation: A Methodology for Human Studies. SAGE Publications.

Kim, Y. M. y Vishak, J. (2008). Just Laugh! You Dont Need to Remember: The Effects of Entertainment Media on Political Information Acquisition and Information Processing in Political Judgment. Journal of Communication, 58(2), 338-360.

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2008.00388.x

Kvale, S. (1996). Interviews: an introduction to qualitative research interviewing. SAGE Publications.

Lee, H. y Kwak, N. (2014). The Affect Effect of Political Satire: Sarcastic Humor, Negative Emotions, and Political Participation. Mass Communication and Society, 17(3), 307-328.

https://doi.org/10.1080/15205436.2014.891133

MacDowell, D. M. (1995). Aristophanes and Athens: An Introduction to the Plays. Oxford University Press.

Martinez, A. y Atouba, Y. (2021). Political Satire TV Shows in the Trump’s Era: Examining Their Impact on Latinx Viewers’ Political Knowledge, Political Engagement, and Trust in Institutions. Southern Communication Journal, 86(5), 460-471.

https://doi.org/10.1080/1041794X.2021.1958913

May, T. (2001). Social research: issues, methods and process (3.a ed.). Open University Press.

Michaud Wild, N. (2015). Dumb vs. Fake: Representations of Bush and Palin on Saturday Night Live and Their Effects on the Journalistic Public Sphere. Journal of Broadcasting y Electronic Media, 59(3), 494-508.

https://doi.org/10.1080/08838151.2015.1055001

Penney, J. (2020). ‘It’s So Hard Not to be Funny in This Situation’: Memes and Humor in U.S. Youth Online Political Expression. Television and New Media, 21(8), 791-806.

https://doi.org/10.1177/1527476419886068

Richardson, K., Parry, K. y Corner, J. (2013). Political culture and media genre: Beyond the news. Palgrave Macmillan.

https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137291271

Ryabinska, N. (2022). Politics as a Joke: The Case of Volodymyr Zelensky’s Comedy Show in Ukraine. Problems of Post-Communism, 69(2), 179-191.

https://doi.org/10.1080/10758216.2020.1816836

Shao, L. y Liu, D. (2019). The Road to Cynicism: The Political Consequences of Online Satire Exposure in China. Political Studies, 67(2), 517-536.

https://doi.org/10.1177/0032321718791373

Solaroli, M. (2015). Iconicity: A category for social and cultural theory. Sociologica, 9(1), 1-52.

https://doi.org/10.2383/80391

Spradley, J. P. (1979). The ethnographic interview. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich College Publishers.

Tsakona, V. (2018). Intertextuality and/in political jokes. Lingua, 203(1), 1-15.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2017.09.003

Tsakona, V. y Chovanec, J. (2020). Revisiting intertextuality and humour: fresh perspectives on a classic topic. The European Journal of Humour Research, 8(3), 1-15.

https://doi.org/10.7592/ejhr2020.8.3.tsakona

Van Zoonen, L. (2005). Entertaining the citizen: when politics and popular culture converge. Rowman y Littlefield.

Van Zoonen, L., Coleman, S. y Kuik, A. (2011). The Elephant Trap: Politicians Performing in Television Comedy. En K. Brants y K. Voltmer (Eds.), Political Communication in Postmodern Democracy (pp. 146-163). Palgrave Macmillan UK.

https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230294783_9

Descargas

Publicado

2022-10-15

Cómo citar

Álvarez Fuentes, M. (2022). Sensaciones y recuerdos: de qué están hechas las imitaciones políticas de Polònia de TV3. Ámbitos. Revista Internacional De Comunicación, (58), 126–144. https://doi.org/10.12795/Ambitos.2022.i58.07

Número

Sección

ARTÍCULOS