La influencia de Facebook y sus cambios de algoritmos en el periodismo y las fake news

Daniel  González-Moreno; Carlos Elías

doi:10.12795/Ambitos.2024.i63.06

Autores

Daniel González-Moreno Departamento de Comunicación. Universidad Carlos III de Madrid https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2100-2713
Carlos Elías Departamento de Comunicación. Universidad Carlos III de Madrid https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1330-4324

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.12795/Ambitos.2024.i63.06

Palavras-chave:

Facebook, Meta, Periodismo, Algoritmos, Fake News, Redes Sociales, Manipulación Política

Resumo

Facebook es la mayor red social del mundo (en 2023 tenía 3.030 millones de usuarios). El algoritmo que controla su News Feed -el alimentador de publicaciones- es una de las fórmulas mediáticas más relevantes del mundo. La pregunta de investigación de este trabajo intenta responder a si existe relación entre las decisiones de contenidos de los periódicos y los cambios anuales en el algoritmo de Facebook. La primera fase de esta investigación ha consistido en cartografiar, por primera vez, cómo Facebook modificó repetidamente su algoritmo respecto al News Feed. Se ha analizado un periodo de 11 años (desde 2008 hasta 2019). Una vez detectado cada cambio, se han contrastado esas modificaciones con los datos extraídos de 122.869 publicaciones de los 20 periódicos más importantes de España según el EGM durante esos 11 años. El objetivo era encontrar la posible relación entre un cambio en el algoritmo y un cambio en los contenidos periodísticos. Como conclusión demostramos que entre 2008 y 2019 existieron cambios en cómo los periódicos seleccionan los contenidos y se correlacionan con los cambios en el algoritmo. Otra conclusión es que la modificación de estos algoritmos influye en la política y en la creación de cámaras de resonancia que fomentan las fake news.

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Biografia do Autor

Daniel González-Moreno, Departamento de Comunicación. Universidad Carlos III de Madrid

Doctor en Investigación en Medios de Comunicación por la Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (UC3M). Cuenta con amplia experiencia profesional en el campo del marketing digital donde ha participado en proyectos de alta complejidad técnica. Actualmente trabaja como Head of Data, Analytics & Martech y como investigador en comunicación digital en el grupo UC3MMediaLab. También pertenece a la cátedra Jean Monnet “UE, desinformación y Fake News” de la UC3M.

Carlos Elías, Departamento de Comunicación. Universidad Carlos III de Madrid

Catedrático de Periodismo de la Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (UC3M) y catedrático Jean Monnet “UE, desinformación y fake news”. Se especializó en ciencia, tecnología y esfera pública en estancias postdoctorales de un año en London School of Economics y otro en Harvard. Ha trabajado como periodista en la Agencia Efe (política) y El Mundo (responsable de ciencia). Su último libro es Science on the Ropes. Decline of Scientific Culture in the era of Fake News (Springer, 2019). Es director del máster de Comunicación Corporativa e Institucional de la UC3M.

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La influencia de Facebook y sus cambios de algoritmos en el periodismo y las fake news

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Biografia do Autor

Daniel González-Moreno, Departamento de Comunicación. Universidad Carlos III de Madrid

Carlos Elías, Departamento de Comunicación. Universidad Carlos III de Madrid

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