Food sovereignty: sustainable solution to world hunger and climate change
Keywords:
Food sovereignty, Unger, climate change, public policy. Soberanía alimentaria, hambre, cambio climático, política pública.Abstract
The link between hunger and climate change is already known and is not new in the literature, especially if we take into account only the national level and trade related. The intense land use to produce just one cultivation, the burning and deforestation methods applied to clear the soil and to make the crops rotations, which damage the mineral resources and displace animals from their habitats, jointly with the intense use of pesticides and transgenic technology in the agriculture, such as in soy and corn cultures, are related to the increase of hunger in the world because hunger is not only about production, but also consumption (income of people and quality of food choices) and distribution (food waste and poor people access to food), and the way the soil is managed is crucial for the production of nutritious quality food. However, an underexplored approach has great potential to provide important elements in the search for a sustainable and lasting solution to those issues. This approach is the concept of food sovereignty. The concept of food sovereignty includes production and consumption in local level, but aiming the collective well-being, through using sustainable techniques to produce food (natural fertilizers, adequate planting and collection cycles for each type of food, no use of artificial pesticides and adequate soil management without deforesting, polluting or burning areas), prioritizing family farming and the supply of more nutritious and quality food. This concept addresses some possible solutions to two of the most bother issues in the present time in a multi-level analysis to counter economic and political marginalization. Food sovereignty practices would lead us to end, or at least reduce, the hunger situations and the problems related to climate changes as long as we improve our food systems to efficient, but also more human ones.
El vínculo entre el hambre y el cambio climático ya es conocido y no es nuevo en la literatura, especialmente si lo tenemos en cuenta solo a nivel nacional y el comercio relacionado. El uso intensivo de la tierra para producir un solo cultivo, los métodos de quema y deforestación aplicados para limpiar el suelo y hacer rotaciones de cultivos, que dañan los recursos minerales y desplazan animales de sus habitats, sumado al intenso uso de pesticidas y tecnología transgénica en la agricultura, como en los cultivos de soja y maíz, están relacionados con el aumento del hambre en el mundo, porque el hambre no es solo producción, sino también consumo (ingresos de las personas y calidad de la variedad de alimentos) y distribución (alimentos desperdiciados y acceso de la gente pobre a los alimentos), y la forma en que se maneja el suelo es crucial para la producción de alimentos nutritivos de calidad. Sin embargo, un enfoque poco explorado tiene un gran potencial para proporcionar elementos importantes en la búsqueda de una solución sostenible y duradera para esos problemas. Este enfoque está en el concepto de soberanía alimentaria. El concepto de soberanía alimentaria incluye la producción y el consumo a nivel local, pero teniendo como objetivo el bienestar colectivo, mediante el uso de técnicas sostenibles de producción de alimentos (fertilizantes naturales, ciclos adecuados de siembra y recolección para cada tipo de alimento, no usar pesticidas artificiales y un adecuado uso del suelo sin deforestación, contaminación o quema de áreas), priorizando la agricultura familiar y el suministro de comida más nutritiva y de mayor calidad. Este concepto aborda algunas posibles soluciones a dos de los problemas más problemáticos en el presente en un análisis a varios niveles para contrarrestar la marginación económica y política. Las prácticas de soberanía alimentaria nos conduciría a ponerle fin, o al menos reducir, las situaciones de hambre y los problemas relacionados con el cambio climático siempre y cuando mejoremos nuestros sistemas alimentarios para que sean más eficientes, pero también más humanos
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