CONSTRUYENDO UN TERRITORIO INVISIBLE. REALIDAD Y RELATO EN LA REINVENCIÓN ARQUITECTÓNICA DEL PAISAJE ESTADOUNIDENSE / CREATING AN INVISIBLE TERRITORY. REALITY AND DISCOURSE IN THE ARCHITECTURAL REINVENTION OF THE AMERICAN LANDSCAPE

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.12795/ppa.2020.i22.03

Palabras clave:

paisaje cultural, arquitectura, Estados Unidos, fotografía, John Brinckerhoff Jackson, nuevo vernáculo / cultural landscape, architecture, the United States of America, photography, new vernacular

Resumen

RESUMEN La búsqueda de interpretaciones de su propio territorio ha sido una seña de identidad de los Estados Unidos a lo largo de la historia. Estos “paisajes estadounidenses”, tales como el espacio democrático jeffersoniano, la naturaleza salvaje o el medio oeste rural constituyeron no solo valiosas herramientas para conocer la realidad, sino también para transformarla. Tras el final de la Segunda Guerra Mundial surgirá un nuevo paradigma de paisaje que trata de abordar los sustanciales cambios que estaban teniendo lugar en el territorio, y que encontrará en la arquitectura más banal y convencional su núcleo fundamental. Esta nueva idea de paisaje tomará forma a partir de una amalgama de aportaciones, muchas de ellas críticas, procedentes de las artes, la geografía y la arquitectura, articulándose como un verdadero relato comprensivo gracias a exposiciones fotográficas como New Topographics o a los textos de figuras como John Brinckerhoff Jackson, quien, con una actitud abierta y transdisciplinar, logró despertar el interés y hacer comprensibles espacios hasta entonces ignorados. El recorrido por algunos de los hitos de la producción de este moderno imaginario permite no solo comprender mejor cómo estos discursos pueden tener una incidencia real sobre la realidad espacial, sino también identificar los errores de un modo de explicar el territorio estadounidense contemporáneo que terminó legitimando aquello que estaba destinado a corregir.

SUMMARY The search for interpretations of its own territory has always been a sign of identity throughout American history. These “American landscapes”, such as Jefferson’s democratic space, the wilderness or the Midwestern countryside, served as valuable tools not only to know reality, but also to transform it. After the end of World War II a new paradigm of landscape arose to address the substantial changes that were taking place in the territory, finding its essential core in the most banal and conventional architecture. This new landscape idea originated from a pattern of mostly critical contributions from art, geography and architecture, which were articulated as a genuine comprehensive narrative thanks to photographic exhibitions such as New Topographics or the writings by figures like John Brinckerhoff Jackson. This author, thanks to his transdisciplinary and open-minded attitude, managed to raise interest about spaces theretofore ignored, making them comprehensible. Our journey through some of the milestones in the production of this modern imaginary allows us not only to gain a better understanding of the real influence of these discourses on spatial reality, but also to identify mistakes in a way of explaining contemporary American territory that ended up legitimizing what it was supposed to correct.

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Biografía del autor/a

Carlos Santamarina-Macho, Universidad de Valladolid

Carlos Santamarina-Macho (Gijón, 1981) es arquitecto por la E.T.S.A. de la Universidad de Valladolid (Premio Extraordinario Fin de Carrera, 2005), master en Restauración Arquitectónica (2007) y doctor por la misma universidad (Sobresaliente Cum Laude, 2016) con la tesis “Cultura y representación del man-made landscape. La construcción de la imagen de un territorio: EE. UU.; 1925-1975. Actualmente compagina la docencia en el Departamento de Teoría de la Arquitectura y Proyectos Arquitectónicos, con la actividad profesional vinculada a la planificación urbanística y ordenación del territorio.

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Publicado

2020-05-20

Cómo citar

Santamarina-Macho, C. (2020). CONSTRUYENDO UN TERRITORIO INVISIBLE. REALIDAD Y RELATO EN LA REINVENCIÓN ARQUITECTÓNICA DEL PAISAJE ESTADOUNIDENSE / CREATING AN INVISIBLE TERRITORY. REALITY AND DISCOURSE IN THE ARCHITECTURAL REINVENTION OF THE AMERICAN LANDSCAPE. Proyecto, Progreso, Arquitectura, (22), 54–71. https://doi.org/10.12795/ppa.2020.i22.03