HUMAN HEALTH AND VULNERABILITY IN THE ERA OF THE ANTHROPOCENE AND OF THE TRANSHUMANISM
Resumen
La época del Antropoceno conlleva desafíos sin precedentes e interesa la salud humana, afectando sobre todo los grupos social y economicamente vulnerables y requierendo soluciones adecuadas y equitativas a todos los niveles de gobernación. El presente estudio sugiere un enfoque basado en los derechos humanos y analiza las soluciones adoptadas en el contexto de la Unión Europea y del Consejo de Europa para garantizar un mejor y más justo acceso a la asistencia sanitaria, tomando además en considearación la jurisprudencia del Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea y del Tribunal Europeo de los Derechos Humanos. Por ende, se proponen unas soluciones basadas en los derechos humanos a la luz de las oportunidades que la biotecnología, la farmacogenética o farmacogenómica, la terapia génica y la medicina regenerativa ofrecen en una realidad en la que el transhumanismo como resultado de las más avanzadas aplicaciones científicas no parece más una posibilidad remota.
The era of the Anthropocene poses unprecedented challenges and affects human health, concerning above all socially and economically vulnerable groups. This study suggests a human rights-based approach and assesses the solutions adopted in the framework of the European Union and of the Council of Europe for ensuring a better and more equitable access to healthcare, by also taking into consideration the jurisprudence of the Court of Justice of the European Union and of the European Court of Human Rights. From this perspective, some human rights-based solutions are advanced in light of the opportunities offered by biotechnology, pharmacogenetics of pharmacogenomics, gene therapy and regenerative medicine in a reality where transhumanism, as a result of the application of the advanced scientific achievements, is no longer a remote possibility.
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GARCÍA SAN JOSÉ, D. I., “Derecho de la Unión, Investigación embrionaria humana y patentes biológicas”, Revista de Derecho Comunitario Europeo, Madrid, n° 41, enero/abril, 2012
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GARROD, A. E., “The incidence of alkaptonuria: a study in chemical individuality”, Lancet, vol. II, 1902, pp. 1616-1620
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GOMES DE ANDRADE, N. N., “Human Genetic Manipulation and the Right to Identity: the Contradictions of Human Rights Law in Regulating the Human Genome”, SCRIPTed, n° 7 (3), December 2010, pp. 429-452
HABERMAS, J., Il futuro della natura umana. I rischi di una genetica liberale, Torino, Einaudi, 2002
HAINES, A., “Addressing challenges to human health in the Anthropocene epoch—an overview of the findings of the Rockefeller/Lancet Commission on Planetary Health”, Public Health Reviews, n° 37 (14), 2016, pp. 1-5
HARRIS, J., Enhancing evolution. The ethical case for making people better, Princeton, Princeton University Press, 2007
HEY, E., “International Law and the Anthropocene”, ESIL Reflections, n° 5 (10), 2016
HUMPHREYS, S., “Editorial”, Journal of Human Rights and the Environment, n° 7 (1), March 2016, pp. 1–6
HUXLEY, A., Brave New World, London, Chatto & Windus, 1932
HUXLEY, J., “Transhumanism”, Journal of Humanistic Psychology, n° 8 (1), 1968, pp. 73-76
JAIN, K.K., Textbook of Personalized Medicine, New York, Heidelberg, Dordrecht, London, Humana Press, 2015
JONAS, H., The Imperative of Reponsibility - In Search of an Ethics for the Technological Age, Chicago, London, The University of Chicago Press, 1984
KIAPI, S., “Interpreting the right to health under the African Charter”, in East African Journal of Peace and Human Rights, n° 11(1), 2005, pp. 1-20
KOTZÉ, L. J., “Rethinking Global Environmental Law and Governance in the Anthropocene”, Journal of Energy and Natural Resources Law, n° 32 (2), 2014
KUPPUSWAMY, C., MACER, D., SERBULEA, M., TOBIN, B., United Nations University – Institute of Advanced Studies, Biodiplomacy Programme, “Is Human Reproductive Cloning Inevitable: Future Options for UN Governance”, 2007
LANGEVELD, H., RÖLING N.G., Changing European Farming Systems for a Better Future: New Visions for Rural Areas, Wageningen, Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2006
LÓPEZ-LÓPEZ, M., GUERRERO-CAMACHO, J. L., FAMILIAR-LÓPEZ, I. M., JUNG-COOK, H., CORONA-VÁZQUEZ, T., ALONSO-VILATELA, M. E., “Pharmacogenomics: the quest for individualized therapy”, Revista de Neurologia, n° 39 (11), 2004, pp. 1063-1071
MACKLIN, R., “Dignity is a useless concept”, British Medical Journal, n° 327, 2003
MALPAS, P. J., “Is genetic information relevantly different from other kinds of non-genetic information in the life insurance context?”, Journal of Medical Ethics, n° 34, 2008, pp. 548-551
MANCISIDOR, M., “Is There Such a Thing as a Human Right to Science in International Law? “, ESIL Reflections, n° 4(1), (7 April 2015), available at http://www.esil-sedi.eu/node/896
MANCISIDOR, M., “Historia del Derecho Humano a la Ciencia”, in Die Subversive Kraft der Menchenrechte, HUHLE, N., HUHLE, T., (eds.), Oldenburg, Paulo Freire Verlag, 2015
MORRIS, T., Hans Jonas's Ethic of Responsibility: From Ontology to Ecology, Albany, State University of New York Press, 2013
MURPHY, S. V., ATALA, A., “3D bioprinting of tissues and organs”, Nature Biotechnologies, n° 32 (8), August 2014, pp. 773-785
NAYAK, S., “Progress and prospects: immune responses to viral vectors”, Gene Therapy, n° 17 (3), 2010, pp. 295-304
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2019-05-25
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Fanni, S. (2019). HUMAN HEALTH AND VULNERABILITY IN THE ERA OF THE ANTHROPOCENE AND OF THE TRANSHUMANISM. IUS ET SCIENTIA, 5(1), 1–53. Recuperado a partir de https://revistascientificas.us.es/index.php/ies/article/view/13305
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