Combined impact of drought and land use changes on water resources in the Tabular Middle Atlas, Morocco
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12795/rea.2024.i48.10Palabras clave:
Recursos hídricos, Sequía, Áreas irrigadas, Tabular Atlas MedioResumen
La degradación cuantitativa de los recursos hídricos en el Tabular Medio Atlas está vinculada al clima y a las modificaciones en las prácticas agrícolas. La identificación de la relación entre estas variables se aborda mediante el análisis de datos hidroclimáticos, el trabajo de campo y el procesamiento de imágenes satelitales Landsat en dos sectores representativos del Medio Atlas. Las entrevistas con la población y las mediciones piezométricas realizadas en la depresión de Guigou muestran que el nivel freático ha descendido de unos pocos metros de profundidad a más de 45 metros en varios lugares. Además, el seguimiento del área superficial del lago Aoua entre septiembre de 1984 y septiembre de 2022 a partir de imágenes satelitales indica que ha experimentado variaciones notables, con períodos de sequía prolongada. La situación muy crítica de los recursos hídricos en este sector de Marruecos se explica por la recurrencia de períodos de sequía de gravedad variable, el aumento de la temperatura y la extensión progresiva de las áreas irrigadas en todas las depresiones. En tres décadas, las áreas irrigadas se han multiplicado por más de cinco en la depresión de Guigou y por más de tres en las depresiones de Imouzzer-Aoua. Los cambios en los parámetros climáticos asociados a las modificaciones en las prácticas agrícolas han influido fuertemente en los recursos hídricos en el Medio Atlas Tabular.
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Aceptado 2024-05-09
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