Trabajo y autogestión en los Campos de Israel y Palestina
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.12795/HabitatySociedad.2025.i18.03Mots-clés :
Sionismo, refugiados palestinos, UNRWA, mission survey, TVARésumé
Este artículo examina la relación entre el trabajo y la autonomía en los campos de tránsito judíos (ma’abarot) y los campos de refugiados palestinos. El trabajo fue esencial tanto para la construcción del Estado sionista como para la gestión de los refugiados, ya que sirvió como herramienta de control e integración. En los kibutz y ma’abarot, el trabajo se vinculó a los ideales sionistas de autorrealización y “conquista del trabajo”, pero también generó dependencia y reforzó las desigualdades. De manera similar, los primeros campos de la United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) adoptaron enfoques desarrollistas inspirados en la modernización occidental, priorizando la infraestructura de los países anfitriones sobre las aspiraciones de los refugiados. A pesar de ello, ambos tipos de campos se convirtieron en espacios de resistencia, donde los residentes tomaron el control a través de iniciativas comunitarias y de construcción informal. Estas acciones desafiaron las estructuras institucionales y pusieron de manifiesto la tensión entre la construcción forzada como herramienta de colonización y la construcción como forma de expresión cultural y política, resaltando la compleja interacción entre arquitectura, trabajo y autonomía.
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