Commercio internazionale e tutela dei diritti dei lavoratori: alla ricerca di una globalizzazione sostenibile
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12795/e-RIPS.2021.i02.17Palabras clave:
Clausole sociali, Commercio internazionale, OMC, OIL, Accordi di libero scambio di nuova generazioneResumen
La liberalizzazione del commercio internazionale può promuovere la crescita economica e le opportunità di lavoro sia nei Paesi in via di viluppo sia nelle economie industrializzate. Peraltro, non tutti gli Stati hanno beneficiato in uguale misura di tale liberalizzazione e, in generale, della globalizzazione delle relazioni economiche internazionali. Di conseguenza, questi fenomeni e gli accordi commerciali di stampo liberista che li hanno favoriti continuano a essere oggetto di un acceso dibattito. In tale contesto, uno degli aspetti più controversi è la mancanza di una protezione adeguata dei diritti dei lavoratori nell’ambito dei suddetti accordi. Partendo dall’attuale mancanza di regole specifiche nel quadro giuridico multilaterale degli scambi, l’autore analizza le cosiddette “clausole sociali” contenute negli accordi di libero scambio bilaterali e regionali di nuova generazione, con particolare riferimento ai trattati conclusi dall’Unione europea (UE). Dall’analisi emerge che tali clausole non garantiscono ancora una sufficiente protezione ai lavoratori e che, pertanto, esse andrebbero modificate.
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