Psychometrics of Tourism: A (de)Builder of Quality of Life? Evidence from the Model of Happiness in Dominican Republic
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12795/rea.2021.i41.11Palabras clave:
Turismo; Calidad de vida; República dominicana; Pequeño estado insular en desarrollo; PLS-SEMResumen
Para los Pequeños Estados Insulares en Desarrollo (PEID), el turismo a menudo se considera un pasaporte para el desarrollo y el bienestar. El fenómeno de la felicidad entre los residentes de los destinos turísticos suele estar ligado al concepto de calidad de vida (CV).
La literatura sobre felicidad sugiere que existe una correlación positiva entre la felicidad y los ingresos de los residentes en SIDS, pero no existe una direccionalidad clara. En esta correlación existe un significativo número de factores ligados al bienestar, como sentimientos y actitudes propias, sentimiento de pertenencia a una comunidad, identificación con el patrimonio cultural y natural, o un gobierno justo que satisfaga las necesidades de los residentes.
Así, el objetivo de esta investigación es revelar el modelo caribeño de felicidad a partir de la relación entre turismo y bienestar en un PEID.
Para probar este modelo hipotético-conceptual, se administró un cuestionario para obtener datos adecuados para medir la calidad de vida en base a un total de cinco constructos y 27 indicadores entre residentes directamente involucrados en la actividad turística. La técnica de Ecuaciones Estructural de Mínimos Cuadrados Parciales (PLS-SEM) fue utilizada para probar este modelo hipotético-conceptual.
Este trabajo aporta evidencia empírica a la literatura sobre la felicidad profundizando en el modelo de bienestar de República Dominicana caracterizado por tres máximas: 1) el modelo dominicano de felicidad individual no se basa en bienes materiales, sino en emociones, por lo que la codicia es considerada una condición de pobreza entre las personas de clase alta; 2) tener más es tener más para compartir y 3) el sector público sigue siendo objeto de desconfianza entre la población dominicana, sin cubrir sus expectativas en cuanto a la administración de justicia o la confiabilidad de los líderes políticos, a pesar de percibir el entorno político como estable.
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