The Right to Return through the Palestine Refugee Camp
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.12795/HabitatySociedad.2025.i18.02Mots-clés :
refugee camps, right-of-return, forced displacement, spatial resistance, destruction, re-constructionRésumé
The Palestinian right of return to their homes is a legally recognized right since December of 1948. More importantly, it is a physical right that all Palestinians have been working towards achieving while enduring what is now a seventy-seven-year occupation of their homeland and a forced displacement to other lands. This paper will address the most controversial and existential right the international community acknowledges towards the Palestine refugees. To understand the polemical nature of Article 11 of UNGA resolution 194, we must investigate the Palestine refugee camp, its formation, space-making and political operation towards trying to achieve this right. The paper will focus on the intersection of the legal and physical aspect of the Palestinian right of return through a historical understanding of the Palestine refugee camp, alongside its contemporary conditions in creating and maintaining a spatial resistance to forced displacement. The paper further argues that from the onset, the Palestine camp has been one of resistance before it was one of refuge, which is why they have been places of destruction even outside Palestine.
Téléchargements
Références
Abourahme, Nasser (2015). Assembling and Spilling-Over: Towards an “Ethnography of Cement” in a Palestinian Refugee Camp. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 39(2), 200–217. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2427.12155.
Abourahme, Nasser (2025). The Time beneath the Concrete: Palestine between Camp and Colony. Duke University Press. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781478060512.
Abreek-Zubiedat, Fatina (2015). The Palestinian refugee camps: the promise of “ruin” and ‘loss’. Rethinking History, 19(1), 72–94. https://doi.org/10.1080/13642529.2014.913941
Abu-Sitta, Salman (2004). The palestinian right of return: the unfulfilled human right. Mediterranean Journal of Human Rights, 8(2), 21-53.
Agamben, Giorgio (1998). Homo sacer: sovereign power and bare life / Giorgio Agamben ; translated by Daniel Heller-Roazen. Stanford University Press.
Agier, Michel (2019). Camps, Encampments, and Occupations: From the Heterotopia to the Urban Subject. Ethnos, 84(1), 14–26. https://doi.org/10.1080/00141844.2018.1549578
Al Dabash, Ahmad (2023a, May 28). Ard bila shaa’b Li shaa’b bila ard [A land without a people for a people without a land]. The New Arab. Retrieved July 21, 2025, from: https://acortar.link/fEocYq.
Al Dabash, Ahmad (2023b, September 24). Maqamat Falastin wal Intihal Al Tawrati [Palestine Shrines and Biblical Plagiarism].The new arab. Retrieved July 21, 2025, from: https://acortar.link/pud5ke.
Al-Qutub, Ishaq Y. (1989). Refugee camp cities in the middle east: a challenge for urban development policies. International Sociology, 4(1), 91–108. https://doi.org/10.1177/026858089004001006
Arendt, Hannah (1998). The human condition (2nd ed.; Introduction by Margaret Canovan). University of Chicago Press.
Barakat, Sultan (2013). Reconstruction of Nahr el-Bared refugee camp: On-site review report, Lebanon. United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA).
Bergson, H. (1913). An introduction to metaphysics (Authorized translation by T. E. Hulme). Macmillan.
Boccagni, Paolo & Kusenbach, Margarethe (2020). For a comparative sociology of home: Relationships, cultures, structures. Current Sociology, 68(5), 595–606. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011392120927776
Boyko, Christopher T.; Cooper, Rachel & Cooper, Cary (2015). Measures to assess wellbeing in low-carbon-dioxide cities. Proceedings of the ICE: Urban Design and Planning, 168(4), 185-195. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1680/udap.14.00029
Cupers, Kenny & Miessen, Markus (2002). Spaces of uncertainty (Wendy James, ed.) Verlag Müller and Busmann.
Fanon, Frantz (2001). The wretched of the earth (Preface by Jean-Paul Sartre; translated by Constance Farrington). Penguin Books.
Feldman, Ilana (2006). Home as a Refrain: Remembering and Living Displacement in Gaza. History and Memory, 18(2), 10–47. https://doi.org/10.2979/his.2006.18.2.10
Foucault, Michel (1980). Power/knowledge: Selected interviews and other writings, 1972–1977. Colin Gordon (ed.). Harvester Press.
Grbac, Peter (2013). Civitas, polis, and urbs: Reimagining the refugee camp as the city. Oxford Department of International Development, University of Oxford. Working Paper Series No. 96. Retrieved July 21, 2025, from: https://www.rsc.ox.ac.uk/files/files-1/wp96-civitas-polis-urbs-2013.pdf
Hanafi, Sari (2010). Governing Palestinian Refugee Camps in the Arab East: Governmentalities in Search of Legitimacy. Issam Fares Institute for Public Policy and International Affairs, American University of Beirut. Working Paper Series No. 1.
Hassan, Ismael S. & Hanafi, Sari (2010). (In)Security and Reconstruction in Post-conflict Nahr al-Barid Refugee Camp. Journal of Palestine Studies, 40(1), 27–48. https://doi.org/10.1525/jps.2010.XL.1.027.
Hyndman, Jennifer (2000). Managing displacement: refugees and the politics of humanitarianism. University of Minnesota Press.
Kark, Ruth & Frantzman, Seth J. (2012). The Negev: Land, Settlement, the Bedouin and Ottoman and British Policy 1871-1948. British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, 39(1), 53–77. https://doi.org/10.1080/13530194.2012.659448
Khalidi, Rashid I. (1992). Observations on the Right of Return. Journal of Palestine Studies, 21(2), 29–40. https://doi.org/10.1525/jps.1992.21.2.00p00876
Lefebvre, Henri & Enders, Michael J. (1976). Reflections on the politics of space. Antipode, 8(2), 30–37. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8330.1976.tb00636.x
Malkki, Liisa (1992). National Geographic: The Rooting of Peoples and the Territorialization of National Identity Among Scholars and Refugees. Cultural Anthropology, 7(1), 24–44. https://doi.org/10.1525/can.1992.7.1.02a00030
Maqusi, Samar (2021). Acts of Spatial Violation: The Politics of Space-Making inside the Palestinian Refugee Camp. ARENA Journal of Architectural Research, 6(1), 8. https://doi.org/10.5334/ajar.324
Maqusi, Samar (2024, July 9). Camp-space: The exceptional duality of the Palestine refugee camp. Failed Architecture. Retrieved July 21, 2025, from: https://failedarchitecture.com/camp-space-the-exceptional-duality-of-the-palestine-refugee-camp/
Masalha, Nur (2015). Settler-Colonialism, Memoricide and Indigenous Toponymic Memory: The Appropriation of Palestinian Place Names by the Israeli State. The Journal of Holy Land and Palestine Studies : A Multidisciplinary Journal, 14(1), 3–57. https://doi.org/10.3366/hlps.2015.0103
Mouffe, Chantal (2005). On the political / Chantal Mouffe. Routledge.
Nora, Pierre (1989). Between Memory and History: Les Lieux de Mémoire. Representations (Berkeley, Calif.), 26(26), 7–24. https://doi.org/10.2307/2928520.
Oesch, Lucas (2017). The refugee camp as a space of multiple ambiguities and subjectivities. Political Geography, 60, 110–120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2017.05.004
Pappé, Ilan (2006). The Ethnic Cleansing of Palestine / Ilan Pappe. Oneworld.
Peteet, Julie M. (2005). Landscape of hope and despair: Palestinian refugee camps. University of Pennsylvania Press.
Piterberg, Gabriel; Kirk, Mimi & Davis, Rochelle (2013). The Zionist Colonization of Palestine in the Context of Comparative Settler Colonialism. In Rochelle Davis & Mimi Kirk (eds) Palestine and the Palestinians in the 21St Century (pp. 15–34). Indiana University Press.
Salamanca, Omar J. (2011). Unplug and Play: Manufacturing Collapse in Gaza. Human Geography, 4(1), 22–37. https://doi.org/10.1177/194277861100400103
Sayigh, Rosemary (1995). Palestinians in Lebanon: Harsh Present, Uncertain Future. Journal of Palestine Studies, 25(1), 37–53. https://doi.org/10.1525/jps.1995.25.1.00p0053s.
Siklawi, Rami (2017). The Palestinian Resistance Movement in Lebanon 1967–82: Survival, Challenges, and Opportunities. Arab Studies Quarterly, 39(3), 923–937. https://doi.org/10.13169/arabstudquar.39.3.0923.
Tabar, Linda (2012). The “Urban Redesign” of Jenin Refugee Camp: Humanitarian Intervention and Rational Violence. Journal of Palestine Studies, 41(2), 44–61. https://doi.org/10.1525/jps.2012.XLI.2.44.
Terdiman, Richard (1993). Present past: modernity and the memory crisis (1st ed.). Cornell University Press.
United Nations Relief and Works Agency [UNRWA] (2025). Who we are. Retrieved September 23, 2024, from: https://unric.org/en/unbt-agencies/unrwa/
United Nations General Assembly (1948, December 11). Resolution 194 (III). Palestine — Progress report of the United Nations Mediator. UN Doc. A/RES/194(III). Retrieved July 21, 2025, from: https://docs.un.org/en/A/RES/194(III)
United Nations General Assembly (1949, December 8). Resolution 302 (IV). Assistance to Palestine refugees. UN Doc. A/RES/302 (IV). Retrieved July 21, 2025, from: https://docs.un.org/en/A/RES/302%20(IV)
United Nations General Assembly (6 October 1950), Fifth Session, Supplement No. 19, Interim Report of the Director of UNRWA, Doc. A/1451/Rev.1.
Whitehead, Anne (2008). Memory. Taylor and Francis. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203888049
Woroniecka-Krzyzanowska, D. (2013). Identity and place in extended exile: The case of a Palestinian refugee city-camp. Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai. Sociologia, 2013(1), 21–37.
Zeeb, Victor & Joffe, Hélène (2020). Connecting with strangers in the city: A mattering approach. British Journal of Social Psychology, 60(2), 524-547. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjso.12423
Zetter, Roger (1994). The Greek-Cypriot Refugees: Perceptions of Return under Conditions of Protracted Exile. The International Migration Review, 28(2), 307–322. https://doi.org/10.2307/2546734
Téléchargements
Publiée
Comment citer
Numéro
Rubrique
Licence
© De los autores y Editorial Universidad de Sevilla 2025

Ce travail est disponible sous licence Creative Commons Attribution - Pas d’Utilisation Commerciale - Partage dans les Mêmes Conditions 4.0 International.
Les auteur·e·s qui publient dans cette revue acceptent les conditions suivantes :
- Les auteur·e·s conservent les droits d’auteur·e et concèdent à la revue le droit de première publication, avec le travail enregistré sous la licence d’attribution Creative Commons, qui permet aux tiers d’utiliser ce qui est publié tant qu’il·elle·s mentionnent la paternité de l’œuvre et la première publication dans cette revue.
- Les auteur·e·s peuvent conclure d'autres accords contractuels indépendants et additionnels pour la distribution non exclusive de la version de l’article publiée dans cette revue (par exemple, l’inclure dans un répertoire institutionnel ou la publier dans un livre), à condition qu’il·elle·s indiquent clairement que le travail a été publié pour la première fois dans cette revue.
- Les auteur·e·s sont autorisé·e·s et encouragé·e·s à publier leurs travaux sur Internet (par exemple sur des sites web institutionnels ou personnels) avant et pendant le processus d’examen et de publication, car cela peut conduire à des échanges productifs et à une diffusion plus large et rapide des travaux publiés (voir The Effect of Open Access).










