The French sociologist Maurice Halbwachs was the first one who justified and developed the notion of “collective memory”, understood as a tool though which human groups interact with their past. He also described the relation between collective memory and historical discourse. He defended some theses that emphasize their discontinuities and differences. In the following pages I will present the features of his theses and I will critique his assumptions. My critique will be based on arguments that revolve around the challenges that came from the historical reception of the Holocaust.