Strategic regional frameworks for addressing slums in Sub-Saharan Africa

Nádia Albuquerque

doi:10.12795/HabitatySociedad.2025.i18.17

Autores/as

Nádia Albuquerque CiTUA, IST–UL https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5563-3903

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.12795/HabitatySociedad.2025.i18.17

Palabras clave:

barrios marginales, África subsahariana, seguridad de la tenencia, reasentamiento, gobernanza participativa, mejora in situ

Resumen

El derecho a la ciudad” de Henri Lefebvre sostiene que la industrialización y la urbanización han fragmentado las ciudades, agravando la desigualdad social y la degradación medioambiental. Mientras el Sur Global se enfrenta a la expansión de los asentamientos informales, las soluciones actuales siguen siendo insuficientes. Este estudio examina las estrategias para abordar los problemas de los barrios marginales en el África subsahariana, haciendo hincapié en la necesidad de adaptación al contexto. Se analizan cuatro enfoques clave: seguridad de la tenencia, reasentamiento, gobernanza participativa y mejora in situ. Mediante una matriz de examen cruzado, la investigación evalúa estos enfoques en contextos históricos coloniales Anglófonos, Francófonos y Lusófonos, teniendo en cuenta parámetros de movilidad, desarrollo socioeconómico, impacto ambiental y escalabilidad. Los resultados revelan que la participación comunitaria es universalmente aplicable (puntuaciones 4-5), la mejora in situ muestra una eficacia constante (3-5), mientras que el reasentamiento tiene un éxito limitado (1-3). Los patrones regionales muestran que los contextos Lusófonos se enfrentan a graves retos, pero también tienen el mayor potencial para las soluciones dirigidas por la comunidad, mientras que los contextos francófonos demuestran una mejora sistemática y los contextos anglófonos se benefician de las innovaciones de la gobernanza participativa. El análisis a escala de las ciudades de Luanda, Maputo y Santo Tomé revela además variaciones significativas dentro de una herencia colonial compartida. El estudio concluye que no hay un enfoque único que sea óptimo, y recomienda soluciones a medida que aborden los perfiles del contexto local al tiempo que tienen en cuenta retos regionales más amplios. La metodología de diagnóstico proporciona un marco sistemático para la selección de intervenciones basadas en pruebas y la asignación de recursos.

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