Surrealism, Non-Normative Sexualities, and Racial Identities in Popular Culture: the Case of the Newspaper Comic Strip Krazy Kat
PDF (Español (España))

Keywords

historieta
surrealismo
sexualidad
raza comics
surrealism
sexuality
race

How to Cite

Jiménez-Varea, J. (2022). Surrealism, Non-Normative Sexualities, and Racial Identities in Popular Culture: the Case of the Newspaper Comic Strip Krazy Kat. COMMUNICATION. International Journal of Audiovisual Communication, Advertising and Cultural Studies, 1(11), 51–66. https://doi.org/10.12795/comunicacion.2013.v01.i11.04
Views
  • Abstract 103
  • PDF (Español (España)) 23

Abstract

In Krazy Kat, George Herriman painted with humorous strokes the endless variations of a sexual pantomime that challenged the boundaries of gender, race, and even species, in a recurrent pattern of sadomasochism and unrequited feelings: Krazy, a cat of indeterminate sex, is madly in love with the mouse Ignatz, whose greatest pleasure in life is throwing bricks at the feline character; such aggressions do nothing but increase Krazy’s passion for the rodent; at the same time, Krazy has a silent admirer of his/her own in Offfisa Pupp, who puts the elusive Ignatz in prison once and again. Such a minimalist tragicomedy develops against the ever-changing background of a dreamlike desert, which accentuates the surrealism of the strip. Strangely enough, this unorthodox piece of comic work appeared for over three decades in papers of the Hearst chain, with the personal support of this press tycoon. The following text traces connections between Krazy Kat and surrealistic sensibilities, and offers an interpretation of this graphic narrative in terms of sex, psychology and race.

https://doi.org/10.12795/comunicacion.2013.v01.i11.04
PDF (Español (España))

References

ABEL, R. (1976): “American Film and the French Literary Avant-Garde (1914-1924)”, in Contemporary Literature, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 84-109.

ADES, D. (1995): “Surrealism: Fetishism’s Job”, in LEWER, D. (ed.) (2006): PostImpressionism to World War II, Oxford, Blackwell, pp. 381-398.

AMIRAN, E. (2000): “George Herriman’s Black Sentence: The Legibility of Race in Krazy Kat”, in Mosaic, vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 57-79.

ANDERSON, E. G. (1999): American Indian Literature and the Southwest, Austin, University of Texas Press.

BABUSCIO, J. (1977): “Camp and the Gay Sensibility”, in BENSHOFF, Harry & GRIFFIN, S. (ed.) (2004): Queer Cinema, the Film Reader, New York & London, Routledge, pp.121-137.

BALL, H. (1916): “Dada Manifesto”, in LEWER, D. (ed.) (2006): Post-Impressionism to World War II, Oxford, Blackwell, pp. 33-34.

BERMAN, R. (1999): “Vaudeville Philosophers: ‘The Killers’”, in Twentieth Century Literature, vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 79-93.

BLACKBEARD, W. (2003): “The Man Behind the Pupp behind the Mouse Behind the Kat”, in BLACKBEARD, W. (ed.) (2003): Krazy & Ignatz 1929-1930, Seattle, Fantagraphics, pp. 11-13.

BLACKBEARD, W. (ed.) (1989): The Komplete Kat Komics, vol. 2, Forestville, Eclipse Books/Turtle Island Foundation.

BLACKMORE, T. (1997): “Krazy as a Fool: Erasmus of Rotterdam's Praise of Folly and Herriman of Coconino's Krazy Kat”, in The Journal of Popular Culture, vol. 31, no. 3, pp. 19-46.

BLASIUS, M. & PHELAN, S. (1997): We Are Everywhere: A Historical Sourcebook of Gay and Lesbian Politics, New York, Routledge.

BRETON, A. (1924): “First Manifesto of Surrealism”, in LEWER, D. (ed.) (2006): Post-Impressionism to World War II, Blackwell, Oxford, pp. 36-49.

BRETON, A. (1934): “Qu'est-ce le que le surréalisme”, in Gascoyne, D. (trans.) (1974): What Is Surrealism?, New York, Haskell House.

CAPRA, F. (1971): The Name above the Title: An Autobiography, New York, Macmillan.

CROCKER, E. (1994): “’To He, I Am For Evva True’: Krazy Kat's Indeterminate Gender”, in Postmodern Culture, vol. 4, no. 2. Available online (8 March 2009): http://www.iath.virginia.edu/pmc/text-only/issue.194/pop-cult.194

CUMMINGS, E.E. (1946): “Introduction”, in HERRIMAN, G. (1946): Krazy Kat, H. Holt, New York, pp. nn.

DYER, R. (2001): The Culture of Queers, New York & London, Routledge.

EGGENER, K.L. (1993): “‘An Amusing Lack of Logic’: Surrealism and Popular Entertainment”, in American Art, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 30-45.

FOSTER, H. (1991): “Armor Fou”, in October, no. 56, pp. 64-97.

FREUD, S. (1905): “Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality”, in STRACHEY, J. (ed.) (1953): The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, vol. VII, London, Hogarth Press, pp. 123-146.

FREUD, S. (1911): “Formulations Regarding the Two Principles in Mental Functioning”, in STRACHEY, J. (ed.) (1962): The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, vol. XII, London, Hogarth Press, pp. 213-226.

FREUD, S. (1916): “Introductory Lectures on Psychoanalysis”, in STRACHEY, J. & RICHARDS, A. (ed.) (1973): Pelican Freud Library, vol. 1, Harmondsworth, Penguin.

FREUD, S. & OPPENHEIM, D.E. (1911): “Dreams in Folklore”, in STRACHEY, J. (ed.) (1962): The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, vol. XII, London, Hogarth Press, pp. 175-204.

FROST, E. & MULLEN, H. (2000): “An Interview with Harryette Mullen”, in Contemporary Literature, vol. 41, no. 3, pp. 397-421.

GRIEVE, A. (2001): “Eduardo Paolozzi. Writings and Interviews”, in The Burlington Magazine, vol. 143, no. 1178, p. 306.

HARVEY, R. C. (1994): The Art of the Funnies. An Aesthetic History, Jackson, University Press of Mississippi.

HEER, J. (2005): “The Kolor of Krazy Kat”, in BLACKBEARD, W. (ed.) (2005): Krazy & Ignatz 1935-1936, Seattle, Fantagraphics, pp. 8-15.

HEER, J. (2007): “Kat of a Different Color”, in BLACKBEARD, W. (ed.) (2007): Krazy & Ignatz 1939-1940, Seattle, Fantagraphics, pp. 7-9.

HEER, J. (2008): “A Gay Old Kat”, in Sans Everything, 26 February 2008. Available online (15 February 2009): http://sanseverything.wordpress.com/2008/02/26/a-gay-oldkat/

HEER, J. & TISSERAND, M. (2008): “Herriman’s Last Days”, in BLACKBEARD, W.

(ed.) (2008): Krazy & Ignatz 1943-1944, Seattle, Fantagraphics, pp. ix-xi.

HERRIMAN, G. (1925): “‘The Gold Rush’ as Seen by Krazy Kat”, in BLACKBEARD, W. (ed.) (2002): Krazy & Ignatz 1925-1926, Seattle, Fantagraphics, p. 9.

HOPKINS, D. (2004): Dada and Surrealism, Oxford, Oxford University Press.

HOWE, S. (1974): “The End of Art”, in Archives of American Art Journal, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 2-7.

INGE, T. (1990): Comics as Culture, Jackson, University Press of Mississippi.

JOSEPHSON, M. (1932): “The Superrealists”, in New Republic, 3 February 1932, pp.321-22.

JOSEPHSON, M. (1962): Life among the Surrealists, New York, Holt, Rineheart & Winston.

KEROUAC, J. (1959): “On the Origins of the Beat Generation”, in Playboy, June 1959, pp. 31-32, 47, 49.

MCDONNELL, P., O’CONNELL, K. & DE HAVENON, G.R. (1986): Krazy Kat: The Comic Art of George Herriman, New York, Abrams.

ORVELL, M. (1992): “Writing Posthistorically: Krazy Kat, Maus, and the Contemporary Fiction Cartoon”, in American Literary History, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 110-128.

POUND, L. (1925): “The Kraze for ‘K’”, in American Speech, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 43-44.

REED, I. ([1972] 1996): Mumbo Jumbo, New York, Scribner Paperback Fiction.

ROEDINGER, D.R. (2003): Colored White, Berkeley, University of California Press.

ROSEMONT, F. (1979): “Surrealism in the Comics”, in Cultural Correspondence, no. 10-11, pp. 57-72.

ROSEMONT, F. (1987): “Surrealism in the Comics I: Krazy Kat (George Herriman)”, in BUHLE, P. (ed.) (1987): Popular Culture in America, Minneapolis, University of Minnesota Press, pp. 119-127.

SARTRE, J.-P. (1966): “Myth and Reality in the Theatre”, in Gambit, vol. 3, no. 9, pp.55-68.

SCHWARTZ, B. (2003): “The Court Jester. Hearst, Herriman, and the Death of Nonsense”, in BLACKBEARD, W. (ed.) (2003): Krazy & Ignatz 1929-1930, Seattle, Fantagraphics, pp. 8-10.

SELDES, G. (1924): The Seven Lively Arts, New York, Harper & Brothers.

STANSELL, A. (2003): “Surrealist Racial Politics at the Borders of ‘Reason’: Whiteness, Primitivism and Négritude”, in SPITERI, R. y LACOSS, D. (ed.) (2003): Surrealism, Politics and Culture, Ashgate, Aldershot & Burlington, pp.111-126.

STOWE, H.B. ([1852] 1986): Uncle Tom’s Cabin, Penguin, New York. TYTHACOTT, L. (2003): Surrealism and the Exotic, London & New York, Routledge.

WARSHOW, R. (1946): “Woofed with Dreams”, in HEER, J. & WORCESTER, K. (ed.) (2004): Arguing Comics, Jackson, University Press of Mississippi, pp. 63-65.

WEISS, A.S. (1989): The Aesthetics of Excess, New York, SUNY Press.

WOLK, D. (2007): Reading Comics and What They Mean, Philadelphia, Da Capo Press.

ZURIER, R. (1991): “Classy Comics”, in Art Journal, vol. 50, no. 3, pp. 98-99, 101-103.

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Copyright (c) 2013 Jesus Jiménez-Varea

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...