The ChatGPT approach: the “Grey Rhino” of conversational IA

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.12795/IESTSCIENTIA.2023.i01.04

Keywords:

ChatGPT, Artificial Intelligence, Chatbot, Fundamental rights, AI Regulation, Data protection

Abstract

Since its emergence in November 2022, ChatGPT has captured the attention of both online and traditional media. A “gray rhino” that had been showing signs of its presence in recent decades, but was neither adequately addressed nor approached before becoming a reality. This gap has led to different reactions towards a model that, although it can be useful in certain contexts with responsible use, is not without risks. In this study, we will examine the status of the issue of the ChatGPT phenomenon in different environments - Italy, Spain, and the European Union - with the aim of appreciating the urgent need for basic regulatory guidelines to allow for the implementation of such AI in the market without infringing upon the fundamental rights of users and minimizing the potential risks inherent in its use.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Adamopoulou, E., Moussaiades, L., (2020) “An Overview of Chatbot Technology”, AIAIA 2020: Artificial Intelligence Applications and Innovations. IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, vol. 584. Springer, Cham. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-49186-4_31

Agencia Española de Protección de Datos (13 de abril de 2023), La AEPD inicia de oficio actuaciones de investigación a OpenAI, propietaria de ChatGPT. https://www.aepd.es/es/prensa-y-comunicacion/notas-de-prensa/aepd-inicia-de-oficio-actuaciones-de-investigacion-a-openai

Agencia Española de Protección de Datos (11 de mayo de 2023), Las autoridades de la Red Iberoamericana de Protección de Datos Personales inician una acción coordinada en relación con el servicio de ChatGPT, https://www.aepd.es/es/prensa-y-comunicacion/notas-de-prensa/autoridades-ripd-inician-accion-coordinada-servicio-chatgpt

Alonso-Arévalo, J., Quinde-Cordero, M., (2023) “ChatGPT: La creación automática de textos académicos con inteligencia artificial y su impacto en la comunicación académica y educativa”, Revista Desiderata, nº22. https://gredos.usal.es/handle/10366/152505

Borrador de enmiendas del Parlamento Europeo a la Propuesta de Reglamento sobre normas armonizadas relativas a la Inteligencia Artificial, 9 de mayo de 2023. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meetdocs/2014_2019/plmrep/COMMITTEES/CJ40/DV/2023/05-11/ConsolidatedCA_IMCOLIBE_AI_ACT_EN.pdf

Cowen, T., (diciembre 2022), “ChatGPT Could Make Democracy Even More Messy”, The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/chatgpt-could-makedemocracy-even-more-messy/2022/12/06/e613edf8-756a-11ed-a199-927b334b939f_story.html

Garante per la protezioni dei dati personali:

Provvedimento del 30 marzo 2023 [9870832]. https://www.gpdp.it/web/guest/home/docweb/-/docweb-display/docweb/9870832

Comunicado de 4 de abril de 2023. https://www.gpdp.it/web/guest/home/docweb/-/docweb-display/docweb/9872284

Comunicado de 6 de abril de 2023. https://www.gpdp.it/web/guest/home/docweb/-/docweb-display/docweb/9872832

Provvedimento del 11 de abril 2023 [9874702]. https://www.gpdp.it/web/guest/home/docweb/-/docweb-display/docweb/9874702

Comunicado de 12 de abril de 2023. https://www.gpdp.it/web/guest/home/docweb/-/docweb-display/docweb/9874751

Comunicado de 28 de abril de 2023. https://www.gpdp.it/web/guest/home/docweb/-/docweb-display/docweb/9881490

García-Peñalvo, F.J., (2023) “La percepción de la Inteligencia Artificial en contextos educativos tras el lanzamiento de ChatGPT: disrupción o pánico”, Education in the Knowledge Society, Vol. 24. https://revistas.usal.es/tres/index.php/eks/article/view/31279

Garvi Carvajal, A., (mayo de 2023), La UE se prepara para endurecer el uso de ChatGPT. EL PAÍS. https://cincodias.elpais.com/cincodias/2023/04/28/legal/1682678408_904956.html

Grand View Research (2023), Chatbot Market Size, Share & Trends, Analysis Report By Application (Customer Services, Branding & Advertising), By Type, By Vertical, By Region (North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, South America), And Segment Forecasts, 2023 – 2030. https://www.grandviewresearch.com/industry-analysis/chatbot-market

Korda, M., (enero 2023), “Could a Chatbot Teach you how to build a dirty bomb?”, OUTRIDER. https://outrider.org/nuclear-weapons/articles/could-chatbot-teach-you-how-build-dirty-bomb

Ley Orgánica 2/2018, de 5 de diciembre, de Protección de Datos Personales y garantía de los derechos digitales (BOE núm. 294, de 6 de diciembre de 2018). https://www.boe.es/buscar/doc.php?id=BOE-A-2018-16673

Maslej, N., Fattotini, L., Brynjolfsson, E., Etchemendy, J., Ligett, K., Lyon, T., Manyika, J., Ngo, H., Niebles, J.C., Parli, V., Shoham, Y., Wald, R., Clark, J., Perrault, R., (2023) The AI Index 2023 Annual Report, AI Index Steering Committee, Institute for Human-Centered AI, Stanford University, Stanford, CA. https://aiindex.stanford.edu/report/

Pearl, M., (diciembre 2022), “The ChatGPT chatbot from OpenAI is amazing, creative, and totally wrong. Need ideas? Great! Need facts? Stay away!”, Mawshable https://mashable.com/article/chatgpt-amazing-wrong

Propuesta de Reglamento por el que se establecen normas armonizadas en materia de Inteligencia Artificial (Ley de Inteligencia Artificial), y se modifican determinados actos legislativos de la Unión, 21 de abril de 2021. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/resource.html?uri=cellar:e0649735-a372-11eb-9585-01aa75ed71a1.0008.02/DOC_1&format=PDF

Propuesta del Consejo de la Unión Europea para un Reglamento sobre normas armonizadas de Inteligencia Artificial. Documento 2021/0106 (COD), de 25 de noviembre de 2022. https://artificialintelligenceact.eu/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/AIA-%E2%80%93-CZ-%E2%80%93-General-Approach-25-Nov-22.pdf

Recomanació 1/2023 en relació amb la utilització de ChatGPT i el seu impacte en la protecció de dades personals, 21 de abril de 2023. Autoridad Catalana de Protección de Datos https://apdcat.gencat.cat/web/.content/01-autoritat/normativa/documentos/Recomanacio12023_ChatGPT.pdf

Reglamento 2016/679 del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo, relativo a la protección de las personas físicas en lo que respecta al tratamiento de datos personales y a la libre circulación de estos datos, de 27 de abril de 2016. https://www.boe.es/doue/2016/119/L00001-00088.pdf

Resolución del Parlamento Europeo sobre las implicaciones de los macrodatos en los derechos fundamentales: privacidad, protección de datos, no discriminación, seguridad y aplicación de la ley, 14 de marzo de 2017. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/TA-8-2017-0076_ES.html

Rodríguez Spinelli, F., (2022), “Bots, tenemos que hablar”, en FODERTICS 10.0 (dir. Bueno de Mata, F.), Comares, Granada.

Roose, K., (diciembre 2022), “The Brilliance and Weirdness of ChatGPT”, The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/05/technology/chatgpt-ai-twitter.html

Ruíz Arébalo, J., (enero 2022) “Cisnes negros, rinocerontes grises, pandemias y meteoritos”, Global Strategy- Geopolítica y Estudios Estratégicos. https://global-strategy.org/cisnes-negros-rinocerontes-grises-pandemias-y-meteoritos/

Shah, C., (marzo 2023), “Is ChatGPT Closer to a Human Librarian Than It Is to Google?”, Gizmodo, https://gizmodo.com/chatgpt-ai-openai-like-a-librarian-search-google-1850238908.

Wigmore, I., (abril 2023), “Natural language generation (NLG)”, TechTarget. https://www.techtarget.com/searchenterpriseai/definition/natural-language-generation-NLG.

Downloads

Published

2023-06-29

How to Cite

García Sánchez, M. D. (2023). The ChatGPT approach: the “Grey Rhino” of conversational IA. IUS ET SCIENTIA, 9(1), 46–68. https://doi.org/10.12795/IESTSCIENTIA.2023.i01.04

Issue

Vol. 9 No. 1 (2023): E-citizenship and digital law

Section

Artículos

License

Copyright (c) 2023 María Dolores García Sánchez

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Those authors being published in this journal agree to the following terms:

  1. Authors retain their copyright and they will guarantee to the journal the right of first publication of their work, which will be simultaneously subject to license recognition by Creative Commons that allows others to share such work provided it is stated the author’s name and his first publishing in IUS ET SCIENTIA.
  2. Authors may take other non-exclusive distribution license agreements version of the published work (e.g. deposit in an institutional digital file or publish it in a monographic volume) provided it is stated the initial publication in this journal.
  3. It is allowed and encouraged that Author s disseminate their work via the Internet (e. g. institutional digital files or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, which can lead to interesting exchanges and to increase citation of the published work.
Views
  • Abstract 345
  • PDF (Español (España)) 511
  • HTML (Español (España)) 193