La Artificial intelligence and the digital human body: in search of the habeas data
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12795/IETSCIENTIA.2020.i02.13Abstract
The title of Günther Anders’ major work “The obsolescence of man” seems to capture the essence of the challenges that the impact of artificial intelligence on the human body poses for jurists, namely, the definition of a modern Magna Charta for the digital human body, aimed at addressing the habeas data. Privacy, informational self-determination and identity need to be properly protected in the digital era. UNESCO, the European Union and the Council of Europe are developing important responses at the moment, and they can also rely on some interesting legal tools that can be found in their respective frameworks, which can be used for dealing with the challenges under consideration. In this respect, the purpose of the present study is to analyse the current and future legal scenario under international law and European Union law, both de iure condito and de iure condendo, in search of the habeas data.
Downloads
References
AGRE, P. E., ROTENBERG, M., (Coord. por), Technology and Privacy. The New Landscape, Mit Press, Cambridge (Mass.), 2001.
ALANDETE, D., “John McCarthy, el arranque de la inteligencia articial”, El País, 27 de octubre de 2011. Disponible en https://elpais.com/diario/2011/10/27/necrologicas/1319666402_850215.html. Fecha de consulta: 29/11/2020.
ANDERS, G., L’Uomo è antiquato, Vol. I: Considerazioni sull’anima nell’epoca della Seconda Rivoluzione Industriale, Bollati Boringhieri, Torino, 2005.
ANDORNO, R., “Global bioethics at UNESCO: in defence of the Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights”, Journal of Medical Ethics, n° 33 (3), 2007, pp. 150–154.
CÁRCAR BENITO, J. E., “El transhumanismo y los implantes cerebrales basados en las tecnologías de inteligencia artificial: sus perímetros neuroéticos y jurídicos”, IUS ET SCIENTIA, Vol. 5, n° 1, 2019, pp. 157-189.
CASONATO, C., “Costituzione e Intelligenza Artificiale: un’agenda per il prossimo futuro”, BioLaw Journal – Rivista di BioDiritto, Special Issue, n° 2, 2019, pp. 711-725.
COMISIÓN EUROPEA, Libro Blanco sobre la Inteligencia Artificial – un enfoque europeo orientado a la excelencia y a la confianza, Bruselas, 29 de febrero de 2020, COM(2020) 65 final. Disponible en https://op.europa.eu/es/publication-detail/-/publication/ac957f13-53c6-11ea-aece-01aa75ed71a1. Fecha de consulta: 29/11/2020.
COUNCIL OF EUROPE, Study on the human rights dimensions of automated data processing techniques and possible regulatory implications, prepared by the Committee of Experts on Internet Intermediaries (MSI-NET), Council of Europe Study, DGI(2017)12.
D’ALOIA, A., “Il diritto verso il “mondo nuovo”. Le sfide dell’Intelligenza Artificiale”, BioLaw Journal -Rivista di BioDiritto, n° 1, 2019, pp. 3-31.
ELON SMART TECH, “¿Qué es el machine learning?”. Disponible en https://www.elon.co/que-el-es-machine-learning/. Fecha de consulta: 29/11/2020.
EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, European Parliamentary Research Service, Scientific Foreign Unit (STOA), PE 641.530 – June 2020, The Impact of General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) on artificial intelligence.
FASAN, M., “La tecnologia ci salverà? Intelligenza artificiale, salute individuale e salute collettiva ai tempi del Coronavirus”, BioLaw Journal – Rivista di BioDiritto, Special Issue, n° 1, 2020, pp. 677-683, 678.
FRIEDMAN, L. M., The Republic of Choice. Law, Authority and Culture, Harvard University Press, Cambridge (Mass.)-London, 1990.
GRAS, A., “L’homme machine ou l’homme sans essence: la tentation au coeur de progrès techno-scientifique”, coord. POR HERVÉ, C., STANTON-JEAN, M., MOLINARI, P. A., GRIMAUD, M. A., LAFORÊT, E., L’humain, l’humanité et le progrès scientifique, Dalloz, Paris, 2009, pp. 63-68.
LA METTRIE, J. O., L’Homme Machine, Nabu Press, 2014.
MOBILIO, G., “L’Intelligenza Artificiale e i rischi di una “disruption” della regolamentazione giuridica”, BioLaw Journal -Rivista di BioDiritto, n° 2, 2020, pp. 401-424.
PAJNO, A., BASSINI, M., DE GREGORIO, G., MACCHIA, M., PATTI, F. P., POLLICINO, O., QUATTROCOLO, S., SIMEOLI, D., SIRENA, P., “Intelligenza Artificiale: criticità emergenti e sfide per il giurista”, BioLaw Journal -Rivista di BioDiritto, n° 3, 2019, pp. 205-235.
RODOTÀ, S., Il Diritto di Avere Diritti, Laterza, Bari, 2015.
RODOTÀ, S., Tecnologie e Diritti, Il mulino, Bologna, 1995.
RODOTÀ, S., “Towards a Declaration of Internet Rights”, p. 1. Disponible en https://www.camera.it/application/xmanager/projects/leg17/attachments/upload_file/upload_files/000/000/194/Internet_Libe_inglese.pdf. Fecha de consulta: 29/11/2020.
RUÍZ-CANELA LÓPEZ, M., “Farmacogenética y farmacogenómica (Ético)”, Enciclopedia de Bioderecho y Bioética. Disponible en https://enciclopedia-bioderecho.com/voces/155. Fecha de consulta: 29/11/2020.
SIMONCINI, A., “L’algoritmo incostituzionale: intelligenza artificiale e il futuro delle libertà”, BioLaw Journal -Rivista di BioDiritto, n° 1, 2019, pp. 63-89.
THE FUTURE GROUP, Freedom Security, Privacy: European Union Home Affairs in an Open World, June 2008. Disponible en https://euro-police.noblogs.org/gallery/3874/eu-futures-jha-report.pdf. Fecha de consulta: 29/11/2020.
WARREN, S., BRANDEIS, L. D., “The Right to Privacy”, Harvard Law Review, Vol. 4, n° 5, 1890, pp. 193-220.
WESTIN, A., Privacy and Freedom, Atheneum, New York, 1970.
ZANNI, A., “La dittatura del calcolo di Paolo Zellini”, Recensione, Il Tascabile, 5 de Diciembre de 2018. Disponible en https://www.iltascabile.com/recensioni/dittatura-calcolo-zellini/. Fecha de consulta: 29/11/2020.
Referencias normativas
FRANCIA:
Loi n° 94-653 du 29 juillet 1994 - art. 2 JORF 30 juillet 1994.
UNESCO:
UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO), Declaración Internacional sobre los Datos Genéticos Humanos, 16 de Octubre de 2003. Disponible en http://www.unesco.org/new/en/social-and-human-sciences/themes/bioethics/human-genetic-data/. Fecha de consulta: 29/11/2020.
UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO), Ad Hoc Expert Group (AHEG) for the preparation of a draft text of a recommendation on the ethics of artificial intelligence, First Draft of the Recommendation on the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence, SHS/BIO/AHEG-AI/2020/4 REV.2, Paris, 7 de Septiembre de 2020. Disponible en https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000373434/PDF/373434eng.pdf.multi. Fecha de consulta: 29/11/2020.
UNIÓN EUROPEA:
Carta de los Derechos Fundamentales de la Unión Europea, 2012/C 326/02. Disponible en https://www.boe.es/doue/2010/083/Z00389-00403.pdf. Fecha de consulta: 29/11/2020.
COMISIÓN EUROPEA, Libro Blanco sobre la Inteligencia Artificial – un enfoque europeo orientado a la excelencia y a la confianza, Bruselas, 29 de febrero de 2020, COM(2020) 65 final. Disponible en https://op.europa.eu/es/publication-detail/-/publication/ac957f13-53c6-11ea-aece-01aa75ed71a1. Fecha de consulta: 29/11/2020.
Reglamento (UE) 2016/679 del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo, de 27 de abril de 2016, relativo a la protección de las personas físicas en lo que respecta al tratamiento de datos personales y a la libre circulación de estos datos y por el que se deroga la Directiva 95/46/CE (Reglamento general de protección de datos). Disponible en https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/ES/ALL/?uri=CELEX%3A32016R0679. Fecha de consulta: 29/11/2020.
CONSEJO DE EUROPA:
CONSULTATIVE COMMITTEE OF THE CONVENTION FOR THE PROTECTION OF INDIVIDUALS WITH REGARD TO AUTOMATIC PROCESSING OF PERSONAL DATA (CONVENTION 108), Guidelines on Artificial Intelligence and Data Protection, Directorate General of Human Rights and Rule of Law, Strasbourg, 25 January 2019, T-PD(2019)01. Disponible en https://rm.coe.int/guidelines-on-artificial-intelligence-and-data-protection/168091f9d8. Fecha de consulta: 29/11/2020.
CONSEJO DE EUROPA, Convenio para la Protección de los Derechos Humanos y de las Libertades Fundamentales (Convenio Europeo de Derechos Humanos), Modificado por los Protocolos nos. 11 y 14, completado por el Protocolo adicional y los Protocolos nos. 4, 6, 7, 12, 13 y 16 , 4 de Noviembre de 1950, ETS 5. Disponible en https://www.echr.coe.int/Documents/Convention_SPA.pdf. Fecha de consulta: 29/11/2020.
COUNCIL OF EUROPE, Modernised Convention for the Protection of Individuals with Regard to the Processing of Personal Data, Amending protocol to the Convention for the Protection of Individuals with Regard to the Processing of Personal Data, adopted by the Committee of Ministers at its 128th Session in Elsinore on 18 May 2018. Disponible en https://rm.coe.int/convention-108-convention-for-the-protection-of-individuals-with-regar/16808b36f1. Fecha de consulta: 29/11/2020.
COUNCIL OF EUROPE, Ad hoc Committee on Artificial Intelligence (CAHAI), Progress Report, 1384th meeting, 23 September 2020. Disponible en https://search.coe.int/cm/Pages/result_details.aspx?ObjectID=09000016809ed062. Fecha de consulta: 29/11/2020.
COUNCIL OF EUROPE, Recommendation CM/Rec(2020)1 of the Committee of Ministers to member States on the human rights impacts of algorithmic systems, Adopted by the Committee of Ministers on 8 April 2020 at the 1373rd meeting of the Ministers’ Deputies. Disponible en https://search.coe.int/cm/pages/result_details.aspx?objectid=09000016809e1154. Fecha de consulta: 29/11/2020.
Jurisprudencia
Tribunal de Justicia (Gran Sala), Sentencia de 26 de febrero de 2013, Åklagaren c. Hans Åkerberg Fransson, C-617/10.
Tribunal de Justicia (Gran Sala), Sentencia del 22 de noviembre de 2005, Werner Mangold c. Rüdiger Helm, C-144/04.
Internet
https://www.endalia.com/informacion-sobre-cookies/#:~:text=Una%20cookie%20es%20un%20peque%C3%B1o,y%20otro%20tipo%20de%20informaci%C3%B3n. Fecha de consulta: 29/11/2020.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Those authors being published in this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain their copyright and they will guarantee to the journal the right of first publication of their work, which will be simultaneously subject to license recognition by Creative Commons that allows others to share such work provided it is stated the author’s name and his first publishing in IUS ET SCIENTIA.
- Authors may take other non-exclusive distribution license agreements version of the published work (e.g. deposit in an institutional digital file or publish it in a monographic volume) provided it is stated the initial publication in this journal.
- It is allowed and encouraged that Author s disseminate their work via the Internet (e. g. institutional digital files or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, which can lead to interesting exchanges and to increase citation of the published work.
- Abstract 326
- pdf (Español (España)) 677
