Neuroimagen y responsabilidad penal. Perspectivas y desafíos

Autores/as

  • Enric Mallorqui-Ruscalleda University of California-Santa Barbara, Universitat d’Alacant; Universität Bamberg; Universidad de Málaga; Universidade de São Paulo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4125-4395

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.12795/IESTSCIENTIA.2024.i02.07

Palabras clave:

Neuroimagen, Responsabilidad penal, Mens rea, Actus reus, Ética judicial, Resonancia magnética, Resonancia magnética funcional, Evidencia neurocientífica, Derecho penal

Resumen

Este artículo analiza el uso de la neuroimagen en la evaluación de la responsabilidad penal, destacando sus perspectivas y desafíos en el ámbito legal. Se exploran técnicas avanzadas como la resonancia magnética (MRI) y la resonancia magnética funcional (fMRI), enfocándose en su capacidad para mapear el cerebro y evaluar la mens rea (intención criminal) y la conciencia durante la comisión de delitos. El trabajo se divide en secciones que abarcan la interpretación de conceptos legales mediante neuroimagen, los dilemas éticos y prácticos asociados, y las limitaciones técnicas de estas tecnologías. Además, se discute la relevancia de la neuroimagen en casos penales, evaluando su impacto en la jurisprudencia y la necesidad de una integración cuidadosa y ética en los procesos judiciales. Este enfoque interdisciplinario busca promover una justicia penal más informada y equitativa, considerando tanto los avances tecnológicos como los derechos fundamentales de los individuos.

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Citas

Legislación

Criminal Justice Act 2003.

Criminal Procedure (Insanity) Act 1964.

Evidence Act 1995.

Mental Health Act 1983.

United Nations General Assembly, 1948. Universal Declaration of Human Rights. [en línea] Disponible en: http://www.un.org/en/universal-declaration-human-rights/ [Consultado el 13 mayo 2024].

United Nations General Assembly, 1991. Principles for the Protection of Persons with Mental Illness and the Improvement of Mental Health Care. [en línea] Disponible en: https://www.ohchr.org/en/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/principles-protection-persons-mental-illness-and-improvement-mental [Consultado el 13 mayo 2024].

Jurisprudencia

Daubert v Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc (1993) 509 US 579.

Dugan v State (2009) 124 Nev 512.

People v Weinstein (1992) 156 Misc 2d 34.

R v Burgess [1991] 2 WLR 1206.

R v Chan Fook [1994] 1 WLR 689.

R v Falconer [1990] 1 WLR 623.

R v Hennessy [1989] 1 WLR 287.

R v T [2009] EWCA Crim 1035.

State of Florida v Bradley (2007) 917 So 2d 1065.

State v Mack (2005) 2005-Ohio-6131.

Taxquet v Belgium [2010] ECHR 1806.

United States v Semrau (2010) 2010 WL 6845092.

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Publicado

2024-12-30

Cómo citar

Mallorqui-Ruscalleda, E. (2024). Neuroimagen y responsabilidad penal. Perspectivas y desafíos. IUS ET SCIENTIA, 10(2), 153–170. https://doi.org/10.12795/IESTSCIENTIA.2024.i02.07
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