La conjuración comunera. De la antigua germanitas a la confederación de Tordesillas.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12795/hid.2007.i34.12Abstract
RESUMEN: El presente artículo trata de desvelar los orígenes de la Santa Junta Comunera que se vincula estrechamente con la historia de la hermandad y las Cortes. La Confederación de Tordesillas de 1520 se inserta en la línea de tradición de las hermandades generales. Es comparada en particular con la Hermandad de Castronuño de 1467 que se considera como expresión culminante del movimiento hermandino. La antigua germanitas es concebida como germen institucional de la hermandad hispánica que se enmarca en la nomenclatura de las principales instituciones grupales paneuropeas (guilda, fraternidad). Respecto a la hermandad comunera (fundada en Tordesillas y luego reafirmada en Valladolid) se resaltan los nuevos elementos constitucionales como su perpetuidad, su constitución mixta entre asamblea representativa (Cortes) y junta hermandina (hermandad), su marcado carácter representativo y su organización confederativa que se basa en el juramento y en el derecho de resistencia de los Estados del reino. El estudio se concluye con un análisis de la organización interna de la Junta comunera a nivel regional y comunal, en el cual destacan la estructura miliciana del ejército y los instrumentos de financiación de las haciendas de las comunidades sublevadas, en particular el embargo y el secuestro. En el apéndice documental se incluye además el texto íntegro de la alianza y hermandad de las ciudades comuneras sellada en Tordesillas el 25 de septiembre de 1520.
ABSTRACT: The present article attempts to uncover the origins of the Holy Junta of the Comuneros, which is closely linked to the history of the Spanish brotherhoods and the representative assembly of the Cortes. The Confederation of Tordesillas of 1520 should be seen as following in the tradition of the kingdom-wide brotherhoods. In particular it is compared with the Brotherhood of Castronuño of 1467, which is considered to be the culminating expression of the Castilian brotherhood movement. The older germanitas is seen as the institutional origin of the Hispanic brotherhoods that has to be placed in the nomenclature of the main European group constitutions (guild, fraternity). With regard to the Comunero brotherhood (founded in Tordesillas and later ratified in Valladolid) the new constitutional elements highlighted are its perpetuity, its mixed constitution as both a representative assembly (Cortes) and as a brotherhood (hermandad) council, its markedly representative character, and its confederative constitution resting both on an oath and on the right of resistance of the States of the realm. The study concludes with an analysis of the internal organisation of the Comunero Junta at the regional and communal level, highlighting the militia structure of the army and the instruments –especially seizures and sequestration– used by the communities in revolt to raise funds. The documentary appendix includes the full text of the alliance and brotherhood of the Comunero cities sealed in Tordesillas on September 25, 1520.
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Accepted 2017-11-03
Published 2017-11-03
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