Objetivo Gramsci. La crítica socialista del concepto de “Hegemonía” en la batalla ideológica entre el PSI y el PCI (1976-1978)

Objective Gramsci. Socialist criticism of the concept of “Hegemony” within the ideological battle between PSI and PCI (1976-1978)

Abstract

This article analyses one of the most important episodes of the ideological
and cultural battle between the PSI of Craxi and the PCI led by Berlinguer
between the years of 1976-1978: the socialist criticism of the “Hegemony”
concept by Antonio Gramsci. Such a criticism was made in the magazine
Mondoperaio in 1977 and coincided with the 40th anniversary of the death of Gramsci. As will be discussed, this criticism of the Gramscian thought is linked to the processes of ideological change that were taking place within socialist and communist parties in Southern Europe at the end of the seventies. In this sense, the criticism of the Gramscian “Hegemony” concept that was made by the PSI intellectuals, denouncing its Leninist character, cannot be dissociated from the debate about the legitimacy of the communist parties to govern in western democracies during the Cold War era.