Populismo en España: Fundamentos Teóricos y Relatos Dominantes

José Javier Olivas Osuna

doi:10.12795/araucaria.2021.i47.17

Autores/as

José Javier Olivas Osuna Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED)

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.12795/araucaria.2021.i47.17

Palabras clave:

populismo, nacionalismo, discursos, partidos políticos, política española

Resumen

El populismo se ha convertido en uno de los fenómenos políticos que más preocupan y, dada su complejidad, uno de los más controvertidos y debatidos actualmente en las ciencias sociales. Este artículo deconstruye y compara los discursos de los partidos políticos españoles que generalmente son clasificados como populistas —el izquierdista Podemos, el derechista Vox y los partidos secesionistas vascos y catalanes, EH Bildu, Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya y Junts per Catalunya— de acuerdo a cinco dimensiones del populismo: i) antagonismo, ii) moralidad, iii) construcción idealizada de la sociedad, iv) exaltación de la soberanía popular, y v) liderazgo personalista. Este artículo muestra que, a pesar de las significativas diferencias ideológicas y programáticas, todos estos partidos comparten muchos rasgos discursivos y una manera similar de articular sus comunicaciones, interpretar las dinámicas sociales y políticas, así como de instrumentalizar las crisis para construir nuevas identidades políticas.

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