The Hybridization Of The Noir Genre As Expression Of Ethnic Heritage: Rafael Navarro’s Sonambulo

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.12795/REN.2021.i25.07

Abstract

In his ongoing comic book series Sonambulo, versatile artist Rafael Navarro has been able to channel his Mexican American cultural heritage by creating a unique blend of narrative genres. In his work, Navarro exploits classic American film noir as a fundamental reference and hybridizes it with elements distinctive to a shared Chicanx heritage, such as lucha libre cinema, horror folktales, and border-crossing metaphors; the construction of an oneiric dimension helps bringing the narrative together, marking it with a peculiar ambiance. Drawing heavily on a diverse range of film genres, as well as ethnocultural pivots, this comic book series carves out a definite space in the panorama of the Mexican American production of popular culture, adding a powerful voice to the expression of US ethnic minorities.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

Author Biography

Anna Marta Marini, Instituto Franklin-UAH

PhD candidate and pre-doctoral fellow in North American Studies @ Instituto Franklin–UAH.

References

ALDAMA, Frederick Luis. Your Brain on Latino Comics. University of Texas Press, 2009.

ALDAMA, Frederick Luis, editor. Tales from la Vida: A Latinx Comics Anthology. OSU Press, 2018.

ANZALDÚA, Gloria. Borderlands/La Frontera. Spinsters, 1987.

AUSTIN, Hailey J. “’That Old Black Magic’: Noir and Music in Juan Díaz Canales and Juanjo Guarnido’s Blacksad.” The Comics Grid: Journal of Comics Scholarship, vol. 9, no. 1, 2019, p.12. DOI: http://doi.org/10.16995/cg.156

BARRETT, Deirdre and Patrick McNamara. Encyclopedia of Sleep and Dreams: The Evolution, Function, Nature, and Mysteries of Slumber, Volume 1. ABC-Clio, 2012.

BARTHES, Roland. Mythologies. Éditions du Seuil, 1957.

BORDE, Raymond and Etienne CHAUMETON. A panorama of American film noir (1941-1953). 1955. Translated by Paul Hammond. City Lights Books, 2002.

BUTLER, David. Jazz Noir: Listening to Music from Phantom Lady to The Last Seduction. Greenwood Publishing Group, 2002.

CECCARELLI, Filippo. “I Sogni Politici di Fellini.” In Federico Fellini, Il Libro dei Sogni, edited by Sergio Toffetti, Rizzoli, 2019, pp. 17-20.

CHRISTOPHER, Nicholas. Somewhere in the Night: Film Noir and the American City. Revised ed., Shoemaker & Hoard, 2006.

COTTER, Robert Michael. The Mexican Masked Wrestler and Monster Filmography. McFarland, 2005.

FELLINI, Federico. Interview by Renato Pallavicini. L’Unità, July 26, 1992.

FELLINI, Federico. Il Libro dei Sogni, edited by Sergio Toffetti. Revised ed., Rizzoli, 2019.

FLORY, Dan. Philosophy, Black Film, Film Noir. Penn State University Press, 2008.

GARCÍA, Enrique. The Hernandez Brothers: Love, Rockets, and Alternative Comics. University of Pittsburgh Press, 2017.

HUTCHINGS, Peter. “Film Noir and Horror.” A Companion to Film Noir, edited by Andre Spicer and Helen Henson. Wiley-Blackwell, 2013, pp. 111-124.

KUPERBERG, Clara and Julia KUPERBERG, directors. Los Angeles: Cité du Film Noir. Wichita Films, 2015.

LOMNITZ, Claudio. Death and the Idea of Mexico. Zone Books, 2006.

LOTT, Eric. 1997. “The Whiteness of Film Noir.” American Literary History Vol. 9, No. 3 (Autumn, 1997), pp. 542-566.

MARINI, Anna Marta. 2020. “Mala Noche: The Use of Music Throughout the Sonambulo Comic Book Series.” PopMeC Research blog. Published August 10, 2020.

MATOS MOCTEZUMA, Eduardo. Muerte a Filo de Obsidiana. Los Nahuas Frente a la Muerte. 1975. Fondo de Cultura Económica, 2016.

MERINO, Ana. “The Bros. Hernandez: A Latin Presence in Alternative U.S. Comics”. Redrawing The Nation. New Directions in Latino American Cultures, edited by Hector Fernández L’Hoeste and Jorge Poblete. Palgrave Macmillan, 2009, pp. 251–269.

MONROY OLVERA, Hugo and Miguel REDUCINDO SALDIVAR. Lucha Libre 85 Años. Am Editores, 2017.

NAREMORE, James. More than Night: Film Noir in Its Contexts, Updated and Expanded Edition. University of California Press, 2008.

NAVARRO, Rafael. Interview. In Frederick Luis Aldama, Your Brain on Latino Comics, 223-233. University of Texas Press, 2009.

NAVARRO, Rafael. “Mi voz.” In Tales from la Vida: A Latinx Comic Anthology, edited by Frederick Luis Aldama. OSU Press, 2018, pp. 154-155.

NAVARRO, Rafael. “Tell Him Your Dreams: Sonambulo and the Oneiric Lucha–Noir Mood.” Interview with Anna Marta Marini. PopMeC Research Blog. Published July 1, 2020. https://popmec.hypotheses.org/2618.

NERICCIO, William A. Tex[t]-Mex: Seductive Allucinations of the “Mexican” in America. University of Texas Press, 2007.

OLIVIER, Guilhem. “Tepeyóllotl, ‘Corazón de la Montaña’ y ‘Señor del Eco’: El Dios Jaguar de los Antiguos Mexicanos.” Estudios de Cultura Náhuatl, no.28, 1998, pp. 99-141.

OLSIN LENT, Tina. “The Dark Side of the Dream: The Image of Los Angeles in Film Noir.” Historical Society of Southern California, vol. 69, no. 4, 1987, pp. 329-348.

PORTAL, María Ana, and Vania SALLES. “La tradición oral y la construcción de una figura moderna del mundo en Tlalpan y Xochimilco.” Alteridades, vol. 8, no. 15, 1998, pp. 57-65.

SILVER, Alain, and James URSINI. LA Noir: The City as Character. Santa Monica Press, 2005.

VERNET, Marc. “Film Noir on the Verge of Doom.” Shades of Noir: A Reader, edited by Joan Copjec. Verso, 1993, pp. 1-32.

Comic books cited

FELLINI, Federico (w) and Milo MANARA (a). Viaggio a Tulum. 1986. Rizzoli, 1990.

GONZALEZ, Jason. La Mano del Destino Collected Edition. Castle&Key Publications, TBC 2020.

HERNANDEZ, Javier. El Muerto: The Aztec Zombie. Los Comex, 1998-ongoing.

KIRBY, Jack, et al. The Strange World of Your Dreams. #1-4. Crestwood Publications (Prize), 1952-1953.

MONTIJO, Rhode. Pablo’s Inferno. #1-5. Abismo, 2000.

NAVARRO, Rafael. Sonambulo: Ghost of a Chance. Ninth Circle Studios, 2002.

NAVARRO, Rafael. Sonambulo Lives! Ninth Circle Studios, 2009.

NAVARRO, Rafael. Sonambulo: Mexican Stand-Off. #1-3. Ninth Circle Studios, 2004-2006.

NAVARRO, Rafael. Sonambulo: Sleep of the Just. #1-3. Ninth Circle Studios, 1996.

NAVARRO, Rafael. Sonambulo: Sleep of the Just. The Collected Case. Ninth Circle Studios, 2001.

NAVARRO, Rafael. Sonambulo’s Strange Tales. La Habra, CA: Ninth Circle Studios, 2000.

NAVARRO, Rafael. “The One That Got Away.” Hot Mexican Love Comics vol. 3, 2006, p.6.

NAVARRO, Rafael et al. Masks of Sonambulo. Ninth Circle Studios, 2003.

Downloads

Published

2021-06-25

How to Cite

Marini, A. M. “The Hybridization Of The Noir Genre As Expression Of Ethnic Heritage: Rafael Navarro’s Sonambulo”. Revista De Estudios Norteamericanos, vol. 25, June 2021, doi:10.12795/REN.2021.i25.07.

Issue

Section

Articles
Received 2020-08-24
Accepted 2021-06-02
Published 2021-06-25
Views
  • Abstract 245
  • pdf 197