Conventional and innovative financing strategies for local public transport: insights from the italian context
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12795/rea.2025.i50.04Palabras clave:
Transporte público, Asociaciones público-privadas, Patrocinio en el transporte público, Gestión de la movilidad empresarial, Mercado del transporte público italianoResumen
El sector del transporte público local (TPL) ha dependido históricamente de los recursos financieros públicos. Sin embargo, las recientes crisis económicas han provocado una mayor consolidación de esta tendencia, en gran parte debido a la aplicación de políticas de austeridad por parte de los gobiernos de todo el mundo. Esto se ha traducido en un notable descenso de la calidad y la frecuencia de la prestación de servicios. En un contexto de escasez económica que, en última instancia, compromete la calidad de los servicios de transporte, la introducción de fuentes alternativas de financiación reviste una importancia capital. Por consiguiente, la participación de agentes privados en el sector del transporte público de cercanías representa una valiosa oportunidad para aumentar la eficacia y el atractivo del servicio, incrementando así su utilización entre los ciudadanos.
Hasta donde sabemos, la literatura existente nunca ha abordado este tema. Este artículo pionero pretende contribuir a la literatura existente analizando las diferentes formas de compromiso público-privado en el mercado italiano de los servicios públicos de transporte de cercanías, examinando las iniciativas en curso y presentando un estudio de caso innovador. Para ello, se ha empleado una triple metodología. En primer lugar, se analizó la bibliografía internacional sobre contratos de patrocinio privado en sectores distintos del transporte. En segundo lugar, se utilizaron los principales motores de búsqueda para examinar las páginas web oficiales y los estados financieros de las empresas de transporte público. En tercer lugar, se realizó una entrevista con el responsable de comunicación de la asociación nacional italiana de transporte. Las conclusiones del trabajo fueron se requiere con urgencia formas alternativas de financiación para el transporte público si se pretende que el servicio sea eficiente y apreciado por los usuarios. Por otra parte, surgieron tres soluciones que demuestran el potencial de la integración público-privada en el sector del transporte público.
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